Zawlaidi (Mandrake)

Zawlaidi rim a’n nam rem rem..
Hlahai Hla 7:13

‘Zawlaidi’ hi ‘Zawldiai’ (zawl-di-ai) ti pawl an um bok a, thil thuhmun hrilna a nih. Zawlaidi hi hlo chi khat, a nàla nàl amanih, infaktir le indawntir amania mi inngaizawngtir theina le nau tienga hmuingilna intlun theitu hlo nia an ngai a nih. Chuonga thaw chun inngaizawng lo khom an inngaizawng èm ém el niin an hril.Zawlaidi chun mi zawl thluk an nuomhai lungril hnè theina dinga thilthawtheina ‘âi’ a nei a, chu âi chun mi a’n ngaizawngtir (aidi) thei nia an ring leiin a hmingah ‘zawlaidi/zawldiai’ an lo ti a nih. Saptrong chun ‘mandrake’, Latin trong chun, ‘mandragora’ an ti a, a botanical hming chu ‘mandragora officinarum’ a nih.

Zawlaidi hlo chi hrang hrang laia a hming puttu tak mandragora officinarum hi Europe sim tieng, Mediterranean Tuipui kam le a sè vèl, abikin Grik ram le Italy ram velah a tam. Europe zawlaidi ‘mandragora’ le America zawlaidi ‘podophyllum pellatum’ hlo hi an inang nawh. Eini zawlaidi leh khom inang kher naw nih. Pu Buonga (J.H.Lorrain) diksawnaria a hril fie dan lem chun ‘mandrake’ ti loin ‘name of a philtre’ a ti a, chu chu Oxford Dictionary hril fie dan chun tisa châkna suktho thei, a dawna dawn chi tina a nih. Ei tienamia inthoka zawlaidi ei hriet dan tlangpui ruok chu a nàl an naw leh a tàta tàt chi lem niin a’n lang. Chuleiin, Pu Buonga zawlaidi hriet hi zawlaidi nek hmanin fak le dawna an phul ruk hlak ‘dawi’ (witchcraft) tieng ni sien a hoi khop el.

urope zawlaidi hi lungkawhrot, thlai chîng lona hmunah a tro nuom bik. Thlasik dei taluo a tawk thei nawh. Kerot (carrot) anga zungbâl nei, a rong khom a sen-hâng, feet thum feet lia inthûka zung thlâk a na, a zungbawr (kawngbawr) hnuoiah a pui le a chalin a’n thrieng a. A hna chu dum (tobacco) hna ang deua hring inthîp hmuk el, dannaranin feet khata sei, feet chenve vela hläi, a pàr chu a vâr le eng inpol, a rà chu tomato amanih, serhlum amanih, epul (apple) chîn chi amanih ang deuh, a hmin hma chun a eng hmuk le a hmin hnung chun a sen dâng, rim inhnik tak a nih. Chu lei chu ni rawi naw nim, Solomon hlaa, “Zawlaidi rim a’n nam rem rem”(7:13) a lo ti chu nih. Palestina rama a hmin hun chu huit le barli an sik hun April le June inkar vel a nih.

Baibula zawldaidi
Zawlaidi hin hnam tin thusimah chanchin a hau hle a, chu chu tlawma zawng hril ei tum a nih. Baibula zawlaidi voi hni a’n lang a. A’n lang hmasakna tak chu Genesis 30:14-ah a nih. Jakob nau lutir Reuben chun ramah zawlaidi ra a hmu a, chu chu iemani zat a hung hawn a, a nu Leah a pêk a. Jakob nuhmei dang chu Leah sangnu Rachel (Rakil) a nih. Rachel chu hmangai le duot hlaw lem, zanah a pasal chang rawn lem ni sien khom a u Leah chun nau pasal pali zet a nei hnung khomin nau hrim a la pâi ve nawh. Pipuhaiin zawlaidi chu nau khom pai theina dinga âi nei a nih tia an hril hlak chu a hriet ve ni ngei ding a na, a unu Leah kuoma chun a naupa zawlaidi hung hawn chu iemani zat sem ve dingin a hni a. A u chun, “Ka pasal i mi’n chù thlàkpek hi i la dittawk naw rop maw? Ka naupa zawlaidi chenin i mi’n chù thlàkpek nawk pei ding maw?” a ta. Rachel chun, “Chuong a ni leh i naupa zawlaidi aiah voizan riekpui a ti che” a ta. Chu zan chun Leah chun Jakob chu a riekpui a, nau pangana a pai pha tah a nih. Hebrai trongin zawlaidi hi ‘dudaim’ ti a na, chu chu ‘dudim’ tia inthoka lak ni dingin an ring a, ‘dudim’ umzie chu Saptrong chun ‘pleasure of love’ tiin an inlet a. Latinhai chun zawlaidi hi ‘earth apple’ an ti a, Arab-hai ruok chun tisa chakna suktho thei thila an ngai leiin ‘Satan’s apple’ an ti ve thung.

Uppsala University-a thok Swedish naturalist Frederick Hasselquist (1722-1752) chun Palestina ram leilung le thil um chanchin (natural history) khon khawm dingin hieng lai rama hin voi nga (1749-52) zet a’n zin a. A thi hnungin a thil khon khawmhai chu Swedish trongin an insuo a, chu chu French, German le English-in an inlet sawng a. English-a an inlet, Voyages and Travels in the Levant in the Years 1749,50,51,52 chu kum 1766 khan a hung suok a. Hi lekhabua hin May thla bula Galilee biel khaw pakhat a sir truma ruoma zawlaidi bil, kûr thluka hmin a hmu thu le Rachelin a u a hni zawlaidi ang ngei kha ni a ring thu dam a ziek a (I had not the pleasure to see this plant in blossom, the fruit now (May 5) hanging ripe to the stem which lay withered on the ground).

Zawlaidi hi fak rawn chun a tûrin lu a sukhâi a, mi khom a sukvèt thei hiel niin Arab-hai chun an ngai a. ‘Land and Book’ ti ziektu Thompson ruok chun Mesopotamia (Irak) le Palestina ram, abikin Lebanon le Hermon tlang vela an zinna hmun hrang hrangah zawlaidi hmin a hmu thu le thei inhnik ni naw sien khom mi tam takin inhoi chiri an beisei leia a hmin an fak bor bor a hmu thu le ieng an ti chuong khoma a hriet naw thu a ziek thung. Chun, Grik mihai le khawsak tieng mihai ruok chun zawlaidi hi an ngaisang hlè thu, sul hnienghnarna petu, inngaizawngna siemtu le hmangainaa nupa nghet taka thlungtu nia an ring thu ama bok hin a ziek sa bok a nih.

Zawlaidi thusim hrang hrang
Zawlaidi hin thilthawtheina mak tak nei dingin an lo ring hlak a. Nau nei thei lohai nau inneitir theitu, mi inngaizawngtir theitu, damnawna chi hrang hrang siem theitu le sukdam theitu, hmangaina hlo, ngaituona dawi vêt thei, kàni (narcotic) anga natna sawka mi sukrui thei le thil mak tak tak dang khom thaw thei ni dingin an lo ring hlak a. Abikin, hun laihawl (medieval period) lai lem khan chu thusim mak tak tak an lo nei a, chuong laia tlawmte chauh chu hang hril ei tih.

Chi inthla theina sukpungtu ni dinga an lo ringna san chu hi hi a nih An thusima chun, mi pakhat hi thing awnah an khai hlum a, an khaina hnuoia chun a chi a far thla a, chu chia inthok chun zawlaidi hi a hung mawng a. Mihriem chia inthoka tro a ni leiin zawlaidi hin nau tienga hmuingilna intlungtir thei dingin an ring zui ta pei a nih. Reuben zawlaidi hung chawi lei amani ding, an naw leh Pathienin an sul a hongpek lei amanih ding hlak ei hriet naw a, iemani chen nau pai nawk ta lo Leah khomin a zawnin nau a pai nawk nghek nghek a, a ching sawt leia a pasal khom nasa taka suosal hiel Rachel khomin nau a pai throt a, mi hmingthang Josefa kha a nei a nih.

Chi far thlaa inthoka zawlaidi hung tro thu hi besana hmangin kum 1911 khan German mi Hanns Heinz Ewers chun tienami (scientific fiction) a ziek a, a bu hmingah ‘Alraune’ ti a’n buk a, chu chu German tronga zawlaidi tina a nih. Hi tienami hi besana hmangin kum 1918, 1928, 1930, 1952 khan ‘Alraune’ ti hming bula chawi sengin hmun hrang hrangah film an siem a. Hi tienami besan bok hin Embryo (1976), Species 1 (1995) Species 2 (1998) le Species 3 (2004) le The Awakening (2007) tihai kha an hung siem ta pei a nih.

Political Science inchuktuhai chun a hming an hriet làr Italian mi Niccolo Machiavelli, lekhabu hmingthang The Prince ziektu khom khan kum 1518 khan lemchang tienami La Mandragola (The Mandrake) a ziek a, Latin trongin ‘mandragola’ chu zawlaidi tìna a nih. Hi lemchanga hin pa pakhatin zawlaidi hmanga mi nuhmei zalpui dinga a lèm thluk dan thu a ziek a. Thu thupa a hril tum tak lem chu mi lal le neinunghaiin an ngirhmun le neinungna chu zawlaidi anga hmanga mi an lèm thlùk dan thu a nih. Eini lai khom iemani chena inthok taa ei zawlaidi chu sum le pai a ni tah an naw maw? Sumin an mi hang tât met hin chu buon hrât lo ni ei inchu seng tum el a ni naw maw? Pastor Thangngurhai anga sum zawlaidi nêp thei le hnawl ngam hi mi hmu ding ei vàng ta hle niin a’n lang.

Pêng hla loin zawlaidi thusima bok lut nawk ei tih. An hril pei dan chun, chi far thlaa inthoka zawlaidi hung tro khan zung a thlâk a, a zung chu iemani chenah pahni, nuhmei le pasalin a hung inthrieng a. Phawi suok pha leh a khêk a, a khêk ri hre taphot chu an thi naw leh an invet ngei ngei hlak niin an hril. Chu thusim chu hre zingin William Shakespeare khomin ‘Shrieks like mandrakes’ torn out of the earth’ (Romeo & Juliet IV.iii) tiin Juliet a lo introngtir bakah ‘Would curses kill, as doth the mandrake’s groan’ (King Henry IV part II.III.ii) a lo ti bok a ni khah.

An hril pei dan chun, zawlaidi hlo hi zanah khawnvar angin a êng phàt a, a hmutu tu khomin a êng chu a fe hmang nawna dingin a bul chu thîr zaiin an inkuol khum nghal ding a nih. Romanhai inlal laia historian hmingthang Flavius Josephus (c.37-100 AD) hril dan chun, an phawi ding khomin a vêlin an cho huol a, chu chona dinga hmangruo thra taka an ngai chu saihaa siem thrul a nih. A zung chu feet thum feet lia inthuka kei a ni leiin inthuk fea cho huol a ngai a. Pot phawi thei ding a ni pha leh a bul chu hruiin an khit a, chu hrui chu ui ringah an thlung a. Ui an hmang ding kha ni khat ni hnih bu an inngheitir phot hlak. A pot suok theina ding tawka hla uiin a baw theina dingin a fak ding sa an sie a, phingtram taluoa uiin sa a hei hnot chun zawlaidi bul chu a pot suok hlak a nih. A pot suok laia zawlaidi khek ri hriet phak loa hlaah a thawtuhai chu an um hlak.

Ui hmang loa zawlaidi zung pot suok dan chu châng kam a nih. Phawi theia inthûka an cho hnungah a bulah sakhi châng anga a ngul kei kûl an kam a, a châng hrui leh chun a zung chu an khit mat a, rala inthokin a cheng an kei chim a, a phi suok hlak a nih.

Zawlaidi zung hi a pêng dang po po neka thilthawtheina mak neia an ngai tak chu a nih. An inhro trawl a, an rawt dip a, chu chu mi fak le dawnah an phul hlak. A thren chun a zung kha an tan a, thri angin an thil tlar a, an hli a, a threnin bânah an bun bok. Dawi chi hrang hrang thawnaah dawithiemhaiin an hmang nasa èm ém. Chu chu remchanga hmangin Lee Falks & Fred Fredericks chun cartoon-comic hmingthang ‘Mandrake The Magician’ ti hi an siem suok a nih.

Zoram khawvel zawlaidi
Zo hnathlakhai khawvela khom zawlaidi hi Chongvung le Songkhar tienamiah ei hmu a. A hming tawi hmangin hril tah lem inla. Chongi chu nunghak hmel thra tak el a na, a pa khom mi thra, a hrana khaw nei a nih. Tlangval pakhat Songkhar hin a lèng hlak a. Songkhar chu a hmêl siet èm leiin a hung lèng châng khomin Chongi chun a en nuom naw a, pindanah a lutsan dai hlak a. Sienkhom, Songkhar chun zawlaidi a nei a, chu chu Chongi kawngvona chun a tât a, ni thum lêng loin a riel a.

Chongi chun Songkhar zawlaidi chu a kai a, ni thum lêng loa a um sung khom chu tuor harsa a ti a. Sinthaw zai khom rêl pei loin Songkhar ngaiin a kûrinkuk a, tlangban intûlin a’n uoi a. A ruolhan thing phura fe dinga an fiel khom chun a fe pei ve naw a. A nu beidong chun,

Chongi, i lenruolhan tuothing an phur,
Tapuon an khawng,
Tu ngaiin am sam ang i zâl a na?
a ti a. Chongi chun inzak dawn loin,

Nu, ka lenruolhan tuothing an phur,
Tapuon an khawng,
Songa ngaiin tlangban kan uoi a nih
tiin a don ta thlawt a nih.

An tienami ei thlir pei chun, a hnungin Chongi nu khomin Songkhar zawlaidi chu a kai ve leiin Leah le Rachel angin an nufa tuolthu a buoi hman trêp a nih. A naunu le Songkhar innei ding chu a thîk leiin, an pek thei lo dinga a ngai an dar huoi chu a naunu man dingin a ngiet tlat a, a naunu khomin sawt a dam naw pha hiel a nih.

Kan naupang lai chun pipu tienami le an thu le hlahai hi inhnikpuiin ngainuomum kan ti thei hle a. Chuong laia threnkhat chu Songkhar zawlaidi nei thu dam le tlangval hmelthraa hril Lienchi, nunghakin an ngaizawng huoi huoi thu dam chu a nih. Kum 1957/58 khan sai hla (love song) ka phuok hmasa tak a ni naw khomin a hmasa pawl tak ni ding, Chantawk Khuonu Ruot ti ka phuok a. Chu taka chun Songkhar zawlaidi le Lienchi hmel thrat thu hi chang hninaah,

Tangka-rothangpui le ngûr nun,
Chûn le zuo tawnah a’n lal si ;
Songkhar zawlaidi le Lienchi sakhmêl,
Ka lo chawi si nawh, nunnêm!

tiin ka hmang ve miel a. Ka phuoka inthoka kum sawmnga liem tah hnung hin ka hla thu hriet po po laia mi ka hang dap vel a, hi hla chauh hi ka hla phuoka le Hmar hla hrim hrima ‘zawlaidi’ thrangna hla ka hriet suok thei um sun a ni tlat chu tie! Hi hla khom hi a bo song nawna sam zai tiet chauh a nih. Chu chu a hmawr ei phor lang tah leiin hang hril sei met ei tih.

Hi hla ka phuoka inthoka kum sawmli hnungah, a thu hriet suok tumin Delhi tlangah Lalruotthang leh voi tam kan bei ngiel a, sienkhom kan hlawsam a. Kan hriet suok thei po chu a chang hmasa tlar hni le a chunga ka ziek thlak po khi a ni ringot el. Ka penson hnung, kum 2003-a Tuibuonga kan dawr bawl thra dinga kan fe trumin ei zaipu hmingthang Zaituokung leh kan bei nawk a, a chang khatnaa Lalruotthang le kan hriet suok zo lo kha aman a lo hriet a, chang hni chu kan ngâ der a. Kaset-a khum dingin rem kan ruot a, sienkhom a tawi taluo leiin, a hmaa thu le inmil si dingin chang hni dang chu Khawmawia kan naupa H.T,Vela inah ka siem sa a. Hi hla hi a phuok zona dingin kum 45 ka aw a nih. A bul châng hni ka phuok lai chun kum 18 ka hraw lai a ni a, chang hni dang ka phuok zo zet chun kum 64 ka chuong kai der tah a nih.

A lâk sawt ang hrimin a thuhai khom hi ei pi le pu tienami hriet lo chun a umzie man el thei lo a tam a, sienkhom chu chu literechar inkhìna phahlaa bùk phaa a bùk sukriktu a ni tlat bok si a nih. Hieng ang hin:

Chan tawka khuonu ruot rêng chu,
Dawn chângin lung rêng a awi nawh;
Kumtluonga sam ang thrèna ramri kham,
Chan tawk khuo rèl am lo ni?

A mi hrai tin nau ang an hlim,
Rienghlei ta din luoithli nulna;
Beiseina khamhrui ang sei hi,
Chan tawk khuo rèl am lo ni?

Tangka-rothangpui le ngûr nun,
Chûn le zuo tawnah a’n lal si;
Songkhàr zawlaidi le Lienchi sakhmêl,
Ka lo chawi si nawh, nunnem.

Sienkhom hmangaina thla zârin,
Ka hung pan i zùn, riekmaw ieng;
Beiseina khamhrui ang sei hi,
Chan tawk khuo rèl am lo ni?

Biethudi i mi’n hlàn ni khan,
Ka ta di’n khawvel a pàr a;
I ta di’n si-âr chen làk inhuomin,
Khawvel chungah ka’n lèng a.

Sienkhom biethu a’n khèl ni khan,
Ka ta di’n khawvel a’n nìm a ;
Beiseina khamhrui chauh chel hi,
Chan tawk khuo rèl a chang tah.

Chantawka khuonu ruot rêng chu,
Dawn chângin lung rêng a awi nawh;
Fam khuoa bêk kop zai rèl beiseiin,
Hringnun hi intawi ka tih.

Zawlpal le Tuolvung indi ieng,
Koptea ei lèng ve pha chun,
Lawm kim a tih, kim ngei a tih,
Chan tawk khuo rèl kim a tih.

(March 29, 2008 Delhi)