and wild uproar Stood ruled,
stood vast infinitude confined;
Till at his second bidding darkness fled,
Light shone, and order from disorder sprung.
- John Milton (Paradise Lost)
A thupuia Saptrong mal hnihai hi hang bi thuok chun a tontir lam thum zet hi an inthuhmun leiin, inphîr ang elin an inlang. Lam hni chauh ei lak lem chun ‘ramhuoi’ tina a ni ve ve a, ei hril tum tak khom Saptronga sie chun, ‘The demons of demonitization’ ti ning a tih. Ei hriet seng angin, November 8, 2016 zan khan ei Prime Minister nei tah po po laia awmbawr nei lien tak chun zawng lien chi chimpanzee ang ela awm dorin, zan dar 12-a inthokin India cheng note 500 le 1000 hai chu a sorkar thruoi lai chun hmang thei ta lo dinga a lak kir thu le a kolhai chun hun tiem sunga sorkar dan tuk dungzuia bank-a thun thei a ni thu television-ah a hung puong dum dum el a! A ngaithlatu tu khom barakhai lo an um ka ring nawh.
Hienga note hmang lai pahnih an hnuk kir sana an hrilhai chu (1) Tangsie (income-tax) pe si loa note lien hmanga aruka sum an thup-hrè (black-money) sukbo; (2) Helpawl le firfiek pawl indinna dinga note lem le sum tling lo hmangtuhai kut khuop; (3) Inthlangnaa sum lem le bal hmangruo hmanga indawrna le inzawrna suktlawm; (4) Sum chawi ngai loa card (credit card, debite card hmang dinga a ram pum buotsaina khom a ni bok. A tawi zawng le a hming mawi zawngin, kawrapson chi tinreng suktlawm tumna a nih. Hieng sukrè an tum po po suokna bul le innghatna tak chu ‘ramhuoi pawlitiks buzawl’ ni tlatin a’n lang bok si a nih.
‘Black money’ ei ti tak hi tak hi a tlangpuiin sum ei nei laia ei puong sa ve lo, tang-sie (income-tax) ei chawi naw hi a nih. India hmar saka cheng tlangmihai, Sixth Schedule huom sunga chenghai chun tangsie (income tax) an chawi naw laiin, a puo tienga khawsa, entirnan Delhi tlanga sorkar sin thawhai chun 33% kan chawi a ngai. Chu umzie chu tangsie chawi lo dinga danin a phalhai le chawi dinga a phuthai inkarah, an khawsakna hmun zirin, black money ei ti hin umzie letling a put tina a nih. Theulawzi zawnga hril chun, danin pe dinga a phuthaiin an pek naw chun thilsuol an thaw a na, an sum hmu kha white money a ni laiin, tangsie an pek ding an pek naw po kha black money anga ngai a ni leiin, dan anga hrem thei an nih. Chuong zawnga thlir chun, black money sukbo tumna leia cheng 500 le 1000 note inthitir vong a, white money-a inchangtir dinga bank-a thun lut phal nawk si a, a ram puma poisa invir vel chokchawrawi a, mipui sukluhai hi thil varthlak tak a ni naw el thei. A phungzawl chêt deuh khom a ang. Diktetor-hai thaw nuom chi a nih. Khawvela mipui rorelna khawlpui indin hmasa tak USA chun constitution a hmanga inthoka kum 328 sung hin voi khat khom demonetization a la thaw nawh.
Black money hung suokna hnărpui nia ngai rop chu thuneina le thilthawtheina fong cheltu nia ngai le hriethai le anni rawiin an lam sâttu le an ngirhmun veng himtu dinga an sorhai le inthuruolpuihai an nih. Chuong mihai chu anni dan siem ngei inza le zawmtu ni neka bawsetu ni lem a, ram hausakna suom a, mipui chan ding ban thlakpek a, sie (tax) chawi lo dinga thuprûk a, mani inhâi buk thŭr thûr a, inthlang nawk phaa an inlal zui pei theina dinga an sum inruka vote inchawk ching pawlhai ni-a ngai an nih. A hung intranna hnarpuia ngai hruk si loa note hmang lai 500 le 1000 inthitira a thara thlak chu hak lai zakuo inhliptira a thar inhaktir lem ang mei mei a nina chin a um.
Poisa lem a tam lei le chu suktawp chu helpawl le firfiekhai indinna dinga hmangtuhai kut khuopna le kharpekna ni dinga hril khom hin bel chieng a dawl naw el thei. Cheng 2000 note hung suok, vantlang tam takin a taka a hmel khom ei la hmu hman hmain, a tûk le zinga firfiek an thathai khan an pai hman tlat a nih! Zalenna suola ramriekhai hnot tak chu note phek mei mei a ni ngai nawh; ni dinga ei ngai chun ngaituona mitkalh ei put lei a ni thei. Inhlawfaknaa hmanga raldo pawl (mercenary) an um ti ruok chu tlang hriet a nih. Chuong mihai leia demonetization thaw khawvel histawri-ah tu khom an la um ngai nawh. Chun, poisa lem (fake notes) a tam lei suonlama hmang khom hi a ri a se hlea chu kum tam fê sunga an man zat niaa chanchinbua hril hi thudik a ni chun, sumbepui sip luoua thingpui thlum inlum laia machi mal khat thlak ang deuh chauh niin a’n lang. Kongro suk naw nih.
Note thi po po hi tlukledingawn (tda) 23 vel ni dinga ring a ni a, chu chu intieng inla, khawvela tlang sîp insang tak Mount Everest let 300-a insang ni dingin an hisap. A thara thlak vongna dingin thla tam la dinga ngai a nih. A chin taka inthoka a lien tak, a rethei taka inthoka a hausa tak a nghong buoi dan khom zawng mang sie an hril chu nêp tak a nih. Poisa fai hmanga sumdawngna, thil zor le inchawk po po a chok buoi a; credit/debit card hmang ding neihai khomin a hmang theina khawl an neinaa naw chuh rûla raw nei an hril ang chauh a nih. Hieng lawm lawma phêk buoina le chi-aina hi a ramah a la tlung ngai nawh. Nau hase inrûm angin a ram pum inrumnain a sip a. A puongtupa hlakin a awm dor pawng zuolin, “Kum thara chu India thar a pieng ding a nih” tia mipui thlamuongin, soiseltuhai chu a’n hŭk khum thŭr thûr bok si! Nasa chu ei nasa!
Ieng thila khom inthlakthleng ding chun tuor a trûl a; tuor huom dinga lungril buotsai lawk a ngai bok. Chu ding chun a ram mipui buotsaiin ei um am? Demonitization thiltum laia pakhat chu poisa fai hmanga indawr ringot neka ram hmasawnhai thaw dan anga plastic card (credit/debit cards etc) hmanga indawr tran ve tah dinga a ram pum buotsai a nih. Chuonga thaw chun a ram sunga poisa invir vel po po hi bank fe thlenga hung ni tang a ta, black money a hung tlawm deu deu ding a nih ti hih hieng tieng thila mithiemhai hril dan a nih. Mihriem zaa sawmriet vel thingtlanga (rural) cheng le lo neia fak zong ei la nina Hindu tamna India ramah ‘casteless society’ siem thei naw inla khom ‘cashless society’ bek tran dinga hma hang lak chu ‘invet huoi’ ei ti ang chi naw chun thaw chi-a a’n lang naw laia Prime Minister Modi-in a hang bitum ngam el hih a huoisen khop el. Ram hmakhuo ngaina leia huoisen le tuklul suo ngam, thil thraa hriet chu thi chil ngam mihai hin ieng anga tui lien insang khom an ner ngam leiin, an hlawtling amanih hlawsam khomin, histawri phekah hmun an chang naw thei nawh.
Ne Win le Demonitization
Ka tonhriet ve chinah chu Gen. Ne Win inlal sung (1962-1987) khan note that le a thar siem chu a hnesaw takin ka hriet. Kum 1962-a sipai hratna hmanga thuneina a’n chù thlak hnung khan sumdawngna le hausakna po po deuthaw chuh Indian-hai le Chinese-hai kuta um a nih ti a hriet leiin an sie khawl rawnna tak 50 le 100 kyat notes chu May 15, 1964 khan an inthitir vong a. A tuka chun pindan sip hner hnura notes an kolhai kha ek hrukna ding chauh naw chun tlaktlaina a nei ta nawh. Hi ruol hin thilsiemna (factory) ienga khom mi sawmhni neka tam an sorna hrim hrim chu sorkarin an lakpek (nationalized) vong bok leiin India mi tam tak chu kutbenthekin Burma ram am suoksan a, India ti bakah sumdawngna hmun hrang hrangah an inpem dar a. A hnunga Burma ramin ram dang le insumdawngna lampui dapa mi indawrpui ding a hang melkai khan, mi hausa an hnot dokhai deu vong khah an lo ni thu le an hmai a mawk hlakzie thu Rangoon-a kan khawsak lai khan chanchin ngainuomum tak tak an mi hril rawn el.
Kum 1972-79 sung khan Union of Burma Bank chun German firm Giesecke & Devrient hai thiemna hmangin Burma chuonchung Wazi-a an Security Printing Works-a inthokin kyat note 1,5,10,25 an sut bakah kum 1964-a an inthitir kyat 50 le 100 notes kha an sut nawk a. Kum sawmhni hnung, November 3, 1985 khan kyat 50 le 100 notes chu sukthi nawkin, astrologers-haiin Gen. Ne Win ta dinga nambar vangneia an ngai, a piengcham 75-na hriet zingna infawmin, November 10, 1985 khan 75-kyat note thar an sut a. A kum nawk August 1, 1986 ah note nambar dangdai bok kyat 15 le 35 notes an sut bok a. Kum hni hnungah, September 5, 1987 khan kyat 25, 35 le 75 notes hai chu hril lawk um lo le zângna domna ding ieng khom siem loin an inthitir vong a; ni 17 hnung, September 22, 1887 khan Ne Win ta dinga nambar vangnei 9 le kum 90 a damna dinga astrologer-hai thurawn angin, kyat 45 (4+5=9) le 90 note-in an hung thleng nawk tah bur el a nih. Hienga lep le hânga nuom hun huna poisa note hmang lai thata a thar a hung sut hin sumdawngna a nghong buoi a, 1988-a mipui dodalna kha a nghong suok a, sipaiin 8.8.1988 khan thuneina an hung lak a, kum 28 hnungah tuta an sorkar, dimokrasi khingbai hi a hung ngir thei chauh a nih. Chu sung chun kyat 200, 500, 1000, 5000 le 10,000 notes an sut a, note hmang lai hnawl (demonitise) ruok chu an thaw nghok tah ni awm tak a nih.
Ne Win chanchin hril tâka chun, Rangoon-a kan khawsak laia thuthang inleng tam tak laia pakhat chauh hang zep sa inla. Trum khat chu German ambassador a ko a, a ram sukhmasawnna dinga prawzek hrang hrang a riruonghai chu German sorkar thrangpuinaa tran a nuom thu a hril a. Ambassador chun prawzek ieng khom tran hmaa a hlawtling theina daltuhai thriek hmasak phot a trulzie thu a hril a. Ne Win chun, “Lungngai naw rawh. A daltu an um phot chun mi hril la, ka sipaihai thu peng ka ta, inthiel fai el an tih” tiin a don, an tih! Pakhatin, zalen taka sum indawng tuo thei poimawzie thu (free trade) a hril laiin ama chun a sipaihai a nuom nuoma a tir kalang anga economic development khom thaw theia inngaina a nei a nih. A nuom nuoma demonetization thawa note thar, nambar dangdai tak tak a’n suttir thu ei hril tah khah a san chu diktetor a ni lei a nih. Kum 26 zet lal hmol a vilik sungin, khawvela ram hausa le hnienghnar pawl tak laia pakhat chu ram rethei mongtolin a siem hman a nih. Fiemthu titaka an hril hlak chu: a hlawtlingna tak chu mipui rikrap le a rawihai le an hlimpui tak chu zawlro a nih!
Tlangkawmna
Demonitization hi mipui tuorna le bukkhi chun, thra hle angin a thuphungin inlang sien khom a tak rama a ram phêkin a tuor dan enin an thaw dan hi a fuk chie am? ti zawna hi don thiem a harsa khop el. Tho vuokna dinga tubo lien inlet ang khom a hoi. Political party hrang hrangin insâtna ding chemtuma an inlet fur hnung lem chun a zierang tak ding awm hriet a sukharsa zuol. A thrat nawzie Parliament-a tlanginsampui dinga Congress le an sangawizawnpuihaiin an ring tak, Finance Minister le Prime Minister lo ni tah, economist hmingthang, thruoitu Mosie ang ela pa dangawk, Manmohan Singh thukhawchang hlak chu, kha hmaa zer far duon duon khopa a thu ngaithla hlaktuhai khan thuneina fung an chel ve hnung chun, ‘Prime Minister a ni laia inthoka Sonia Gandhi-in a demonetized hnung a na, a retired hnung lem chun a thu lak tlâk ni naw nih” ti ang zawngin an deusaw! An inkhakna hi a thu phurtu tak black money nek hmanin a ‘black’ lem daih a nih. Archal insuola hnena chang lem tuin in chunga inthoka iniem taka a hrat naw lem a khuong khum khom an ang. An rorelna inpuia ei aiawtuhai khawsak dan hi a chang chun naupang sie inhnel khom an ang vang vang a hoi.
Thruoitu ngirhmuna ngir hi zum le zuor inkara leng an ni leiin, inpâktu an tam po leh demtu an pung a. Chuong ang boruok kara chun thruoitu tu khom lungawpinkaia invai vel hai nekin an ngaidana thraa an pom thil hrim hrim huoisen taka bawzui hmak ngam, kong khat zawnga hril chun ‘invet huoi’ ti el ding haiin histawri an siem lem hlak; a thra a sie chu thu dang ni sien. Cheng 500 le 1000 note fe lai sukthi-a a danga thlakin ‘black money’ sukbo dinga ring chu thil namen lo a ni laiin, a lang a paua a dotu tak anga awm hang dor ngam khom chu thil namen lo tak a ni bok. Hi le inzoma a ram puma ‘digital plastic card’ hmanga indawr tuona hun thar, cashless economy hongtu a ni ruok chun histawri phekah hmun hlun hluo ngei a tih. A ni naw ruok chun Muhammad-bin-Tughlak- II khom ti zui pei nawng an tih ti tu am hril thei? A thilthaw leia hringna chânhai thla hrangin an beihron lem chun, demonitization le demonization inbeina ni tang a ta, awmkhaua nor chi ni kher naw nih.
(November 26, 2016, Delhi)
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