Tribal (‘tr’ tri pawlin ‘taraibal’tia lam phêt an tum) hai lung butut suok chu khaw dang en ta nghal lohai, an rî a se thei rum rum ie. Chuong anga ri an neina nuhnung tak chu May 29-June 5 inkara Rajasthana tribal-a inngai thar hnam khat Gujjar intihai rihau a nih. Gujjar hnam intihai hi Jammu & Kashmir le Himachal Pradesh States-ah Scheduled Tribe laia ziek lut ni ve hai sien khom Rajasthan State-ah chu ST ni loin OBC (Other Backward Classes) ti lai ziek lut an ni a. Sienkhom, OBC hnuoia um anni nêka hnam changkang lemhai an el phak si naw leiin ST hnuoiah hamthratna an dong thrat lem beiseiin, ST-a inziek lut dingin sorkar an nor a, sorkar an che muong leiin an lung a’n tar a, tharum hmangin an che a, an rama lut motor le rêl lampui an khâr vong a, thil tam tak suksein an raw dur dur a, mi 26 zetin hringna an chàn pha bok a nih. London-a inthoka hung kan naunu le a pasal khom Jaipur-a an inzin lai a na, hung kir thei loin ni hni sung zet an intâng pha a nih.
Hi buoina leia kar khat sunga a ramin sum le pai a chàn zat chu cheng vaibelsie (crore) 12,000 vel niin Chambers of Commerce chun a sût suok a nih. A hlek bèk DHCF biek in hmun inchawkna ding le bawlna dingin hmang thei inla trangkai ding bah! A ieng khom chu ni sien, Rajasthana thil tlung a ni leia eini mi tawk buoi phak lo dinga ngai pawl ei ni deuh vong khom lo ni sien, an naw leh hi thil tlung hin eini lai khom kakhawk thei tam tak a nei thei a nih ti hre lo tam tak ei um khom ni sien, ei hnam kalchawi peinaah ei fimkhur theina dingin hi thu hi ka ziek a nih. Chu chu a san hriet thiem thei ding chun a trobul le thil hung inher danglamin a kakhawk dan hriet a ngai a, chu chu a tawi thei dan takin hril ka tum a nih
Hnam hnufuola ngaihai an kona Scheduled Castes (SC) le Scheduled Tribes (ST) ti hi India-ah naw chu ram dangah an hmang ve nawh. Hi hming tlanglawn le dangdai sertuhai hi British-hai an nih. Kumpinu (British) sorkar opna hnuoia iemani chen India ram a um hnungin hieng sawrdea umhai hi misawnarihaiin an invoi hle a, an ngirhmun dom kang dingin 1850 laia inthok khan sorkar an nor hlak leiin Kumpinu sorkar chun a hung ngaiven tran a. Chuong lai chun hieng hnam hnufuol le neksawra umhai hi ‘Depressed Classes’ (Sawrdena tuok pawl) tia hriet an ni a. Government of India Act 1935 an hung siem khan ‘Scheduled Castes’ ti term hi an hung hmang a, chu chu ka hriet dan chun hi thu mal hi danpuia an hlu lut hmasakna tak a nih. Eini rawi thung chu “Excluded Areas/Partially excluded areas” ti sungah mi siein, mi huol him an tum a. Chu thil fe pei chun Indian Constitution-a Sixth Schedule ei ti vet hi a hung hring suok ta pei a nih.
Hieng Depressed Class tia hriethai hi chi hnia thre an nih. Pakhatna chu, Hindu sakhuoa chi-hnam palia an inthre dan ziekna Chaturvarna-a a mong khawna thrang, chi hnuoihnung taka an ngaihai chu an nih. Chaturvarna chun Hinduhai hi chi-hnam pali - thiempu hnam Brahmin, roreltu hnam Kshatriya, sumdawng hnam Vaishya le sin hnuoihnung le rinum po po thawtu, siehlaw hnam Sudra-in a thre a. Sudrahai hi ran neka inhnuoi lema Brahmin-haiin an sie, êk tluka an ten, mi an tawk khom an phal lo (untouchables), an kawl hnaia an hung a, an hlimin a hlie ringot khom porche kaia inngaia inthien pha hiel hlak khopa an hmusit hnam an nih. Chuong an hmusit le hnuoisiehai chu, Scheduled Castes an tihai hi an nih. Kum 2001 intiempui khan India ram pumah 166,635,700 (16.2%) an um.
Pahnina chu Hindu sakhuo zuitu khom ni hai sien Chaturvarna hnuoia chi-hnam inthre hrangnaa thrang ve lo, dannaranin umhmun nghet khuor loa pahnam hnama a hona inpem son zing pawl an na, chuonghai chu Scheduled Tribes (ST) tia hriet an nih. Kum 2001 intiempui khan 84,326,240 (8.2%) an um. ST hai hi chi li an um: (i) Negrito an ti, mi dum le sam inkir pawl an ni a, Andaman & Nicobar Islands hluo hmasatuhai hi an ni deu vong; (ii) Proto-Austroloid an ti, Australia hluo hmasatuhai le hmel le piengzie inang hieng Munda, Oraon le Gond an tihai; (iii) Mongoloid mi, India hmar saka chêng hnam hrang hrang hai; le (iv) Caucasoid (Caucasian) mi, entirnan Toda, Rabari le Gujjar an tihai hi an nih. Caucasian ei tihai hi a tir chun Black Sea le Caspian Sea inkar tlangrama inthoka hung an ni a, tu hin chu vun ngo chihai hrilna trongkama hmang a ni tah.
Hieng sawrdea um hnamhai hi Kumpinu sorkar chun a ram op sung taphotah an ngirhmun dom kang ding le sawrde le chim rala an um nawna dinga humhalna dan a zâiin a hung siempek a, chuonghai chu Morley Minto Reforms Report-a hai, Montagu-Chemlsford Report-a hai, Simon Commission Report-a hai hmu theiin a hung um tran a. The Government of India Act, 1935, kum 1937-a inthoka an hung an hmang trana khan “Scheduled Castes” ti hming hi a hung inlang a, chu chu namnghetna dingin kum nawkin The Government of India (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1936 a hung suok a. Chu hniekhnung chu zui peiin India sorkar thar chun The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 le The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 a hung siem a, Danpui Artikul 343 le 342 hnuoiah an chanvo ding reservations an siempek tah a nih. A hmaa ei hril tah angin, a trobul ei sui chun SC le ST hai humhalna dan lo ruohmangtuhai chu Kumpinu Sorkar kha an lo ni dai a nih.
Hi le inzom hin ei hriet dinga ka dit thil pakhat hang zep vak ei tih. Pathienin ama angpuia a siem mihriemhai nêksawr hi a ngai thei naw leiin, nêksawrhai sansuoktu ding mi a ruotpek hlak a nih ti hi histawri-ah entirna hmu ding tam tak a um. Aigupta bawia rimsi taka intang Jakob thlahai chu sansuok dingin Mosie a tir ti ei hmuh. Babulon sala intang Israelhai sansuoktu ding khomin Persia Lal Kura a hmang dai a nih. Hinduhai lai khom chi hnuoihnunghai chu chi chunghnunghaiin kum sanga tiem an nèksawr a, ui tluk khomin an ngai nawh. Chu chu suktawp tumin Mahavir hai, Gautama Buddha hai le mi dang dangin an bei a, sakhaw thar an indin suok a. Sienkhom, an thra chuong naw leiin Muslim ralhrang ruol a hmang a, India ram an hung op khum a, sienkhom a zie an la um chuong rak nawh. A tawpah British sorkar hmangin a hung bei a, an suoksan tawm le hnungin mi var Mahatma Gandhi hai, Jawaharlal Nehru hai, Dr. Ambedkar hai a hung hmang nawk a, chuong ang chun sawrdea umhai ngirhmun siem thrat chu hnam pum tumah India sorkar chun a hung nei zui tah pei a nih. Russia ram khom an lal Czar-haiin mipui an hnawchep nasat èm leiin Communist thuthlung hmangin an lalhai chu a hung hnot suok a, sienkhom Communist sorkar chun lal a hrot taluo leiin an thruoitu Gorbachev hmangin USSR chu phìn darin a um a, an hnawchep hnamhai po po chu mani state seng neiin an hung um hrang tah a nih. Pathien rorêl dàn hi ngaituo chet tham vong a nih.
Ei thupuiah lut zai rêl nawk inla. Kum 1985 khan Anthropological Survey of India (ASI) chun India rama chêng hnamhai chanchin suina beipui thlak dingin hma a lâk a, chu prawzek hminga chun People of India ti hmang a ni a. Kum 1994 khan National Series Volume III chu inphuoi takin a hung suok a, a lekhabu hmingah The Scheduled Tribes (p.1266) ti a na, a buotsaitu chu K.S.Singh a nih. Hi lekhabua hin kum 1991 chena an sui phak ST hnam 461 hming a chuong a, la sui hman lo le la chuong phâk lo hnam khom tam tak la uma hriet a nih. Hienghai lai hin Hindu sakhuo zuitu chu kum 1961 khan 91.98 % an ni a, 1981 ruok khan chu 87.05 % an ni tah. Hi hi a san tak nia an hriet chu ST lai kristiena lut an pung lei a nih.
Hieng ST Hinduhai lai hin 11.8% chu Chaturvana hnuoia chi-hnam inthrena huongah an um a, chuonghai laia 8.3 % chun Kshatriya, 7.5% chun Sudra, 0.9 % chun Brahmin ni-ah an insàl. Chu umzie chu, Hindu nina iengkim trawma Scheduled Tribe nina ngirhmun chel zing thei a nih, tina a nih. Scheduled Caste hai ruok chun chuong ang zalenna chu an nei ve nawh. SC tu khom Hindu a nina maksana sakhuo dang a zom chun SC a ninaa hamthratna a dong po po an suktawp el a nih. Hi hin Hindu mezawriti nina hnuoia dan ei siem threnkhat hi a khingbaizie a suklang chieng hlein ka hriet.
Hang bi zui pei ei tih. Hindu chi-hnam sunga um hrim ni lo hnam dang, a hnunga Hindu sakhuo an phun amanih zui hnunga Hindu chi-hnam inthrena huonga lut le lut nawhai indanglamna chu hi hi a nih. Hindu chi-hnama intêl luthai chun chi li laia pakhatah an um a ngai a, chu chu damsunga thlak thei ta lo a nih. Chuonga luthai chu Hindu chi-hnama mi an ni tàk leiin hnam dang nina an intrawmpui thei ta nawh. Brahmina pieng chu ieng anga intlaw le rethei khom ni sien Brahmin a ni zing a, Sudraa pieng chu ieng anga var le hausa khom ni sien Sudra a nina a khel thei nawh. Chu chu sakhuo dang le Hindu sakhuo indanglamna chu a nih. Chuleiin, tu khomin Hindu sakhuo a zui a, Chaturvarna huongah a lut chun a chi-hnam nina ding ruotpekin a um a, chu chu a dam sungin a thlak thei ta nawh.
Meiteihai hi entirna thra tak an nih. Hindu sakhuo an lak lut a, Chaturvarna hnuoia an uma inthokin an hnam chu chi-hnam (caste) hrang hrangin an inthre dar ta vong a, anni le anni inkarah dai an insak khum a, Hindu pangngaihai neka Hindu kulmutin an hung inchang tah a nih. An lal Pamheiba (1709-1748), Persian hming ropui tak Garibniwaz ti an pek hiel inlal sunga a nawlpuia Hindu sakhuoa an inlet hnung khan Bengali mi Vaishnava thiempu Shanti Das Goswami chun Meiteihai hi hnam upa tak, Mahabharata hun laia inthoka lo um tah, Aryan thlahai laia mi ni dingin a hril lutpui a. Chu taka inthok chun Aryan thlaah inpemin, chu thiempu infuiporna hnuoia chun an lekhabu hlui, an sakhuo hlui Sanamahi le an chanchin ziekna po po chu 1729 A.D khan meipuiah an raw dur dur el a nih. Tu laia Meitei pawl hrang hrang buoipui tak laia pakhat chu an nina, an aidentiti taka kir nawk tum le an hnam pum lo hlem kawitu chunga phuba lak a nih. Chu tukvera inthoka thlir chun ‘Mayang’ an ti hin umzie inril lem a phur a nih.
Hi thil hin kakhawk a hau èm êm. Kum sawt tak el khêl khawvela a hnam pum inchengtirtu a ni leiin an hnam ta dinga vangduoina rapthlak tak a nih. Chu char chu Israel hnama insui lut tumtu pawl buoipui khom hi a nih. Chuong mihai chu sakhuo hmanga chawlolna hriin an mit a sukdel a ni tlat leiin, hril le ben har el thei chi an ni nawh. Meiteihai hi eini rawi Tibeto-Burman Group laia mi an nizie hi an mit a hung var deu deu ruolin an hung hriet suok deu deu pei dingah ngai inla. Kum zathum deuthaw an histawri a letling zawnga an lo her kuoi kha iemani chena inthok hin a nina tienga hung inher kirtir nawk tumin hma an lak mek a, an lam hraw ding hi a khokham a, khêl kulpui an lo indin tah po po sukchim le thriek a ngai bok ding a ni leiin, huphur a umin kong khata chu lungsiet khom an um khop el. An hnam trobul le nina tak tak le an sakhuo inlaichinna an thre thrawp thiem naw leiin ST nina ngirhmun hi an chàn a, an hamthratna dong ding tam tak khom an chàn pha bok a nih.
Chîk taka ei sui chun tu lai hnai ela buoina siemtu Gujjar hnamhai khom hi Meitei Hinduhai tlukna lungkawhrot boka tlu an lo niin a’n lang. Mi sakhuo phuntu hrim hrim chu a neitu bulhai neka phûr lem le uor lema thaw tumna lungril a um hlak a. Meiteihai ang bokin Gujjar-hai khom hin hnam hnuoihnung ni loa a chunghnung lema insàl chu ngirhmun poimaw hluonaa an lo ngai leiin India ramin zalenna a hmu hnung kum thumna 1950-a Scheduled Castes le Scheduled Tribes a tiem ding le ding naw bi an hung thliek khan SC/ST a ienga khom inziek lut loin an um a. Sienkhom an thaw suolzie damten an hung hriet suok deu deu a. Kum 1966-a Punjab State-a inthoka tlangmi tamna biel indanga Himachal Pradesh an hung siem khan Gujjar-hai chun ST-ah inziek lut vena chang an hung hriet chauh a nih. Kum 1991 khan Jammu & Kashmir State-ah ST-a ziek lut an hung ni bok a. An um darna state dang Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan le Uttar Pradesh a ruok chu OBC (Other Backward Classes) laia zel an nih.
OBC ei tihai hi SC/ST a thrang lo, sienkhom khawsakna tieng le thiemna tienga hnufuol si, reservation siempek ve ngaihai chu an nih. Kum 1979 khan Janata Sorkarin hienghai pawl ngirhmun hi en fie dingin B.P.Mandal inrawina hnuoiah Commission an indin a, chu chu a hnungin Mandal Commission tia hriet a hung ni a. Hi Commission ripawt le rikawmen dan angin OBC list siem a ni a. Chu taka OBC-a inziek luthai chu India pumpuia mihriem zatve neka tam 52% an na, SC/ST le bel khawm chun 79 % an kai dai a nih. Sienkhom kum 1963 khan Supreme Court-in 50 % neka tam reservation a khap leiin, a phal chin SC le ST hluo bak chu OBC hai inchangtir an tum a nih. Amiruokchu, OBC list-a in register lai hin dan anga tling lo inziek lut an tam nia hriet a ni leiin soisel a hlaw nasa hle.
Rajasthana ST chanvo po po deuthaw huituhai chu Meena/Mina hnam an nih. Anni hin var takin 1954 khan ST list-ah an lo inziek lut a, ST ta dinga hamthratna tam lem chu an huongah a luong lut a, India ram pumpuia khom kum iemani zat hi Civil Services Exam-a ST kuata hui lut rawn tak an nih. Gujjar-hai ruok chu OBC hnuoiah anni nêka hnam changkang lemhai an el phak naw a, hamthratna changa muol an nei thei ta naw a, Meena hnamhai an insang tuol tuol laiin anni rawi chu an tlum tiel tiel a, an bei a dong a, ST-a inziek lut chu an hnam sansuokna um sun nia an hriet leiin, inziek lut tumin tharum leh an nor a nih. Hi thil hi an nor suok a ni chun State dang po poa an umna taphotah norpui an thlak pei ding ning a ta, an hma nor ding hi a’n ko khop el. Hi hi ruolêng inlaa ST hnuoia inziek lut dinga nor tum hnam an hung pung pei chun a tira inthoka ni hrim tah einihai ngirhmun hi nasa takin a la hung inchep ding a nih.
Chuonga la hung nor thei ding laia kandidet thra tak chu Meiteihai hi an nih. Invet le inrui biling naw chun anni hi Aryan thlaa mi ni loin Mongoloid mi, Tibeto-Burman Group-a mi an nih ti an inhmai nawh. Ieng angin Meiteipa chun a chal nal rângin Ganges vadungah voi nuoi inphum sien khom Aryan amanih Dravidian amanih hmel a put thei naw hrim hrim. Bengali thiempu Goswami (anni rawiin Gohain an ti) chun an mit sukdel sien khom an hnam chi zung/zam (genetic root/lineage) chu a thlak danglam thei naw a, an sakhuo leia hnam dang, abikin vaihai leh an innei pol rawn ruok chun an chi fìrna chu an pol da thei chauh a nih. Ieng angin phuokfawm histawri lo khùkpui khom ni hai sien, an trong khom Sankrit lipuiah a rong dal rak khopa phûmin lo chokchawrawi hlak hai sien khom, chi zungzama le tronga chu ei thisen inzompui, ei unau inhmanghai an nih.
Tuhin, zêldin thuah, Meiteihai hi pàngpalh thuah thrang har phut hai sien, an nina tak inhre chiengin chu taka chun kir nawk tumin, Rajasthana Gujjar hnamhai ang bokin Scheduled Tribe-ah inziek lut dingin beipui thlakin nor hai sien, Meena hnamhaiin ST list-a Gujjar-hai inziek lut ding nasa taka an dodal ang hin ei dodal ve ding? Baibula naupa tlan hmang chanchina a upa lem ngirhmun kha ei pèl ka ring top nawh. Chu hun a tlung palh chun Manipura chu tribal kuata hin umzie nei ta naw ni a, tlangmihai chan siet dan ding chu hrilin a siek nawh. Chu lei sek chun, har suok thei loa an chawlol kumkhuona dingin ei trongtraipek ding am a ni? Chu chu kristien inti, Krista lungril put dinga ngaihai thil thaw ding awm chu ni kher naw nih. Van rama an lutna dingin ei nei sun sun sengin tirko e misawnari e ei intir a, sienkhom an mit hung varin, ei hnuoi chanvo hi chang ve tumin hung ngiet ve hai sien, ei innui threk ding?
Chu nêka thil ngaituoum lem chu Mizo-Israel inti pawl hman hman ku hi an ni el naw maw? Khaw hnung vaiah ser tan thar a, mani nina hnawla Israel mi nia insâlhai hi tribal list-a inthoka pei suokin, ST hnuoia hamthratna an dong po po hi làkpêk vong inla, iem an ngaidan ning a ta? An hnam nina an hnawl ta si chun ieng leiin am ST nina hnuoia hamthratna chu an la dong zing ding a na? ST list hin Israel mihai a huom sa ve am a ni? Ngaituona dinga lungril nei chun ngaituo mol raw se.
(Delhi, June 9, 2007)
Hi buoina leia kar khat sunga a ramin sum le pai a chàn zat chu cheng vaibelsie (crore) 12,000 vel niin Chambers of Commerce chun a sût suok a nih. A hlek bèk DHCF biek in hmun inchawkna ding le bawlna dingin hmang thei inla trangkai ding bah! A ieng khom chu ni sien, Rajasthana thil tlung a ni leia eini mi tawk buoi phak lo dinga ngai pawl ei ni deuh vong khom lo ni sien, an naw leh hi thil tlung hin eini lai khom kakhawk thei tam tak a nei thei a nih ti hre lo tam tak ei um khom ni sien, ei hnam kalchawi peinaah ei fimkhur theina dingin hi thu hi ka ziek a nih. Chu chu a san hriet thiem thei ding chun a trobul le thil hung inher danglamin a kakhawk dan hriet a ngai a, chu chu a tawi thei dan takin hril ka tum a nih
Hnam hnufuola ngaihai an kona Scheduled Castes (SC) le Scheduled Tribes (ST) ti hi India-ah naw chu ram dangah an hmang ve nawh. Hi hming tlanglawn le dangdai sertuhai hi British-hai an nih. Kumpinu (British) sorkar opna hnuoia iemani chen India ram a um hnungin hieng sawrdea umhai hi misawnarihaiin an invoi hle a, an ngirhmun dom kang dingin 1850 laia inthok khan sorkar an nor hlak leiin Kumpinu sorkar chun a hung ngaiven tran a. Chuong lai chun hieng hnam hnufuol le neksawra umhai hi ‘Depressed Classes’ (Sawrdena tuok pawl) tia hriet an ni a. Government of India Act 1935 an hung siem khan ‘Scheduled Castes’ ti term hi an hung hmang a, chu chu ka hriet dan chun hi thu mal hi danpuia an hlu lut hmasakna tak a nih. Eini rawi thung chu “Excluded Areas/Partially excluded areas” ti sungah mi siein, mi huol him an tum a. Chu thil fe pei chun Indian Constitution-a Sixth Schedule ei ti vet hi a hung hring suok ta pei a nih.
Hieng Depressed Class tia hriethai hi chi hnia thre an nih. Pakhatna chu, Hindu sakhuoa chi-hnam palia an inthre dan ziekna Chaturvarna-a a mong khawna thrang, chi hnuoihnung taka an ngaihai chu an nih. Chaturvarna chun Hinduhai hi chi-hnam pali - thiempu hnam Brahmin, roreltu hnam Kshatriya, sumdawng hnam Vaishya le sin hnuoihnung le rinum po po thawtu, siehlaw hnam Sudra-in a thre a. Sudrahai hi ran neka inhnuoi lema Brahmin-haiin an sie, êk tluka an ten, mi an tawk khom an phal lo (untouchables), an kawl hnaia an hung a, an hlimin a hlie ringot khom porche kaia inngaia inthien pha hiel hlak khopa an hmusit hnam an nih. Chuong an hmusit le hnuoisiehai chu, Scheduled Castes an tihai hi an nih. Kum 2001 intiempui khan India ram pumah 166,635,700 (16.2%) an um.
Pahnina chu Hindu sakhuo zuitu khom ni hai sien Chaturvarna hnuoia chi-hnam inthre hrangnaa thrang ve lo, dannaranin umhmun nghet khuor loa pahnam hnama a hona inpem son zing pawl an na, chuonghai chu Scheduled Tribes (ST) tia hriet an nih. Kum 2001 intiempui khan 84,326,240 (8.2%) an um. ST hai hi chi li an um: (i) Negrito an ti, mi dum le sam inkir pawl an ni a, Andaman & Nicobar Islands hluo hmasatuhai hi an ni deu vong; (ii) Proto-Austroloid an ti, Australia hluo hmasatuhai le hmel le piengzie inang hieng Munda, Oraon le Gond an tihai; (iii) Mongoloid mi, India hmar saka chêng hnam hrang hrang hai; le (iv) Caucasoid (Caucasian) mi, entirnan Toda, Rabari le Gujjar an tihai hi an nih. Caucasian ei tihai hi a tir chun Black Sea le Caspian Sea inkar tlangrama inthoka hung an ni a, tu hin chu vun ngo chihai hrilna trongkama hmang a ni tah.
Hieng sawrdea um hnamhai hi Kumpinu sorkar chun a ram op sung taphotah an ngirhmun dom kang ding le sawrde le chim rala an um nawna dinga humhalna dan a zâiin a hung siempek a, chuonghai chu Morley Minto Reforms Report-a hai, Montagu-Chemlsford Report-a hai, Simon Commission Report-a hai hmu theiin a hung um tran a. The Government of India Act, 1935, kum 1937-a inthoka an hung an hmang trana khan “Scheduled Castes” ti hming hi a hung inlang a, chu chu namnghetna dingin kum nawkin The Government of India (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1936 a hung suok a. Chu hniekhnung chu zui peiin India sorkar thar chun The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 le The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 a hung siem a, Danpui Artikul 343 le 342 hnuoiah an chanvo ding reservations an siempek tah a nih. A hmaa ei hril tah angin, a trobul ei sui chun SC le ST hai humhalna dan lo ruohmangtuhai chu Kumpinu Sorkar kha an lo ni dai a nih.
Hi le inzom hin ei hriet dinga ka dit thil pakhat hang zep vak ei tih. Pathienin ama angpuia a siem mihriemhai nêksawr hi a ngai thei naw leiin, nêksawrhai sansuoktu ding mi a ruotpek hlak a nih ti hi histawri-ah entirna hmu ding tam tak a um. Aigupta bawia rimsi taka intang Jakob thlahai chu sansuok dingin Mosie a tir ti ei hmuh. Babulon sala intang Israelhai sansuoktu ding khomin Persia Lal Kura a hmang dai a nih. Hinduhai lai khom chi hnuoihnunghai chu chi chunghnunghaiin kum sanga tiem an nèksawr a, ui tluk khomin an ngai nawh. Chu chu suktawp tumin Mahavir hai, Gautama Buddha hai le mi dang dangin an bei a, sakhaw thar an indin suok a. Sienkhom, an thra chuong naw leiin Muslim ralhrang ruol a hmang a, India ram an hung op khum a, sienkhom a zie an la um chuong rak nawh. A tawpah British sorkar hmangin a hung bei a, an suoksan tawm le hnungin mi var Mahatma Gandhi hai, Jawaharlal Nehru hai, Dr. Ambedkar hai a hung hmang nawk a, chuong ang chun sawrdea umhai ngirhmun siem thrat chu hnam pum tumah India sorkar chun a hung nei zui tah pei a nih. Russia ram khom an lal Czar-haiin mipui an hnawchep nasat èm leiin Communist thuthlung hmangin an lalhai chu a hung hnot suok a, sienkhom Communist sorkar chun lal a hrot taluo leiin an thruoitu Gorbachev hmangin USSR chu phìn darin a um a, an hnawchep hnamhai po po chu mani state seng neiin an hung um hrang tah a nih. Pathien rorêl dàn hi ngaituo chet tham vong a nih.
Ei thupuiah lut zai rêl nawk inla. Kum 1985 khan Anthropological Survey of India (ASI) chun India rama chêng hnamhai chanchin suina beipui thlak dingin hma a lâk a, chu prawzek hminga chun People of India ti hmang a ni a. Kum 1994 khan National Series Volume III chu inphuoi takin a hung suok a, a lekhabu hmingah The Scheduled Tribes (p.1266) ti a na, a buotsaitu chu K.S.Singh a nih. Hi lekhabua hin kum 1991 chena an sui phak ST hnam 461 hming a chuong a, la sui hman lo le la chuong phâk lo hnam khom tam tak la uma hriet a nih. Hienghai lai hin Hindu sakhuo zuitu chu kum 1961 khan 91.98 % an ni a, 1981 ruok khan chu 87.05 % an ni tah. Hi hi a san tak nia an hriet chu ST lai kristiena lut an pung lei a nih.
Hieng ST Hinduhai lai hin 11.8% chu Chaturvana hnuoia chi-hnam inthrena huongah an um a, chuonghai laia 8.3 % chun Kshatriya, 7.5% chun Sudra, 0.9 % chun Brahmin ni-ah an insàl. Chu umzie chu, Hindu nina iengkim trawma Scheduled Tribe nina ngirhmun chel zing thei a nih, tina a nih. Scheduled Caste hai ruok chun chuong ang zalenna chu an nei ve nawh. SC tu khom Hindu a nina maksana sakhuo dang a zom chun SC a ninaa hamthratna a dong po po an suktawp el a nih. Hi hin Hindu mezawriti nina hnuoia dan ei siem threnkhat hi a khingbaizie a suklang chieng hlein ka hriet.
Hang bi zui pei ei tih. Hindu chi-hnam sunga um hrim ni lo hnam dang, a hnunga Hindu sakhuo an phun amanih zui hnunga Hindu chi-hnam inthrena huonga lut le lut nawhai indanglamna chu hi hi a nih. Hindu chi-hnama intêl luthai chun chi li laia pakhatah an um a ngai a, chu chu damsunga thlak thei ta lo a nih. Chuonga luthai chu Hindu chi-hnama mi an ni tàk leiin hnam dang nina an intrawmpui thei ta nawh. Brahmina pieng chu ieng anga intlaw le rethei khom ni sien Brahmin a ni zing a, Sudraa pieng chu ieng anga var le hausa khom ni sien Sudra a nina a khel thei nawh. Chu chu sakhuo dang le Hindu sakhuo indanglamna chu a nih. Chuleiin, tu khomin Hindu sakhuo a zui a, Chaturvarna huongah a lut chun a chi-hnam nina ding ruotpekin a um a, chu chu a dam sungin a thlak thei ta nawh.
Meiteihai hi entirna thra tak an nih. Hindu sakhuo an lak lut a, Chaturvarna hnuoia an uma inthokin an hnam chu chi-hnam (caste) hrang hrangin an inthre dar ta vong a, anni le anni inkarah dai an insak khum a, Hindu pangngaihai neka Hindu kulmutin an hung inchang tah a nih. An lal Pamheiba (1709-1748), Persian hming ropui tak Garibniwaz ti an pek hiel inlal sunga a nawlpuia Hindu sakhuoa an inlet hnung khan Bengali mi Vaishnava thiempu Shanti Das Goswami chun Meiteihai hi hnam upa tak, Mahabharata hun laia inthoka lo um tah, Aryan thlahai laia mi ni dingin a hril lutpui a. Chu taka inthok chun Aryan thlaah inpemin, chu thiempu infuiporna hnuoia chun an lekhabu hlui, an sakhuo hlui Sanamahi le an chanchin ziekna po po chu 1729 A.D khan meipuiah an raw dur dur el a nih. Tu laia Meitei pawl hrang hrang buoipui tak laia pakhat chu an nina, an aidentiti taka kir nawk tum le an hnam pum lo hlem kawitu chunga phuba lak a nih. Chu tukvera inthoka thlir chun ‘Mayang’ an ti hin umzie inril lem a phur a nih.
Hi thil hin kakhawk a hau èm êm. Kum sawt tak el khêl khawvela a hnam pum inchengtirtu a ni leiin an hnam ta dinga vangduoina rapthlak tak a nih. Chu char chu Israel hnama insui lut tumtu pawl buoipui khom hi a nih. Chuong mihai chu sakhuo hmanga chawlolna hriin an mit a sukdel a ni tlat leiin, hril le ben har el thei chi an ni nawh. Meiteihai hi eini rawi Tibeto-Burman Group laia mi an nizie hi an mit a hung var deu deu ruolin an hung hriet suok deu deu pei dingah ngai inla. Kum zathum deuthaw an histawri a letling zawnga an lo her kuoi kha iemani chena inthok hin a nina tienga hung inher kirtir nawk tumin hma an lak mek a, an lam hraw ding hi a khokham a, khêl kulpui an lo indin tah po po sukchim le thriek a ngai bok ding a ni leiin, huphur a umin kong khata chu lungsiet khom an um khop el. An hnam trobul le nina tak tak le an sakhuo inlaichinna an thre thrawp thiem naw leiin ST nina ngirhmun hi an chàn a, an hamthratna dong ding tam tak khom an chàn pha bok a nih.
Chîk taka ei sui chun tu lai hnai ela buoina siemtu Gujjar hnamhai khom hi Meitei Hinduhai tlukna lungkawhrot boka tlu an lo niin a’n lang. Mi sakhuo phuntu hrim hrim chu a neitu bulhai neka phûr lem le uor lema thaw tumna lungril a um hlak a. Meiteihai ang bokin Gujjar-hai khom hin hnam hnuoihnung ni loa a chunghnung lema insàl chu ngirhmun poimaw hluonaa an lo ngai leiin India ramin zalenna a hmu hnung kum thumna 1950-a Scheduled Castes le Scheduled Tribes a tiem ding le ding naw bi an hung thliek khan SC/ST a ienga khom inziek lut loin an um a. Sienkhom an thaw suolzie damten an hung hriet suok deu deu a. Kum 1966-a Punjab State-a inthoka tlangmi tamna biel indanga Himachal Pradesh an hung siem khan Gujjar-hai chun ST-ah inziek lut vena chang an hung hriet chauh a nih. Kum 1991 khan Jammu & Kashmir State-ah ST-a ziek lut an hung ni bok a. An um darna state dang Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan le Uttar Pradesh a ruok chu OBC (Other Backward Classes) laia zel an nih.
OBC ei tihai hi SC/ST a thrang lo, sienkhom khawsakna tieng le thiemna tienga hnufuol si, reservation siempek ve ngaihai chu an nih. Kum 1979 khan Janata Sorkarin hienghai pawl ngirhmun hi en fie dingin B.P.Mandal inrawina hnuoiah Commission an indin a, chu chu a hnungin Mandal Commission tia hriet a hung ni a. Hi Commission ripawt le rikawmen dan angin OBC list siem a ni a. Chu taka OBC-a inziek luthai chu India pumpuia mihriem zatve neka tam 52% an na, SC/ST le bel khawm chun 79 % an kai dai a nih. Sienkhom kum 1963 khan Supreme Court-in 50 % neka tam reservation a khap leiin, a phal chin SC le ST hluo bak chu OBC hai inchangtir an tum a nih. Amiruokchu, OBC list-a in register lai hin dan anga tling lo inziek lut an tam nia hriet a ni leiin soisel a hlaw nasa hle.
Rajasthana ST chanvo po po deuthaw huituhai chu Meena/Mina hnam an nih. Anni hin var takin 1954 khan ST list-ah an lo inziek lut a, ST ta dinga hamthratna tam lem chu an huongah a luong lut a, India ram pumpuia khom kum iemani zat hi Civil Services Exam-a ST kuata hui lut rawn tak an nih. Gujjar-hai ruok chu OBC hnuoiah anni nêka hnam changkang lemhai an el phak naw a, hamthratna changa muol an nei thei ta naw a, Meena hnamhai an insang tuol tuol laiin anni rawi chu an tlum tiel tiel a, an bei a dong a, ST-a inziek lut chu an hnam sansuokna um sun nia an hriet leiin, inziek lut tumin tharum leh an nor a nih. Hi thil hi an nor suok a ni chun State dang po poa an umna taphotah norpui an thlak pei ding ning a ta, an hma nor ding hi a’n ko khop el. Hi hi ruolêng inlaa ST hnuoia inziek lut dinga nor tum hnam an hung pung pei chun a tira inthoka ni hrim tah einihai ngirhmun hi nasa takin a la hung inchep ding a nih.
Chuonga la hung nor thei ding laia kandidet thra tak chu Meiteihai hi an nih. Invet le inrui biling naw chun anni hi Aryan thlaa mi ni loin Mongoloid mi, Tibeto-Burman Group-a mi an nih ti an inhmai nawh. Ieng angin Meiteipa chun a chal nal rângin Ganges vadungah voi nuoi inphum sien khom Aryan amanih Dravidian amanih hmel a put thei naw hrim hrim. Bengali thiempu Goswami (anni rawiin Gohain an ti) chun an mit sukdel sien khom an hnam chi zung/zam (genetic root/lineage) chu a thlak danglam thei naw a, an sakhuo leia hnam dang, abikin vaihai leh an innei pol rawn ruok chun an chi fìrna chu an pol da thei chauh a nih. Ieng angin phuokfawm histawri lo khùkpui khom ni hai sien, an trong khom Sankrit lipuiah a rong dal rak khopa phûmin lo chokchawrawi hlak hai sien khom, chi zungzama le tronga chu ei thisen inzompui, ei unau inhmanghai an nih.
Tuhin, zêldin thuah, Meiteihai hi pàngpalh thuah thrang har phut hai sien, an nina tak inhre chiengin chu taka chun kir nawk tumin, Rajasthana Gujjar hnamhai ang bokin Scheduled Tribe-ah inziek lut dingin beipui thlakin nor hai sien, Meena hnamhaiin ST list-a Gujjar-hai inziek lut ding nasa taka an dodal ang hin ei dodal ve ding? Baibula naupa tlan hmang chanchina a upa lem ngirhmun kha ei pèl ka ring top nawh. Chu hun a tlung palh chun Manipura chu tribal kuata hin umzie nei ta naw ni a, tlangmihai chan siet dan ding chu hrilin a siek nawh. Chu lei sek chun, har suok thei loa an chawlol kumkhuona dingin ei trongtraipek ding am a ni? Chu chu kristien inti, Krista lungril put dinga ngaihai thil thaw ding awm chu ni kher naw nih. Van rama an lutna dingin ei nei sun sun sengin tirko e misawnari e ei intir a, sienkhom an mit hung varin, ei hnuoi chanvo hi chang ve tumin hung ngiet ve hai sien, ei innui threk ding?
Chu nêka thil ngaituoum lem chu Mizo-Israel inti pawl hman hman ku hi an ni el naw maw? Khaw hnung vaiah ser tan thar a, mani nina hnawla Israel mi nia insâlhai hi tribal list-a inthoka pei suokin, ST hnuoia hamthratna an dong po po hi làkpêk vong inla, iem an ngaidan ning a ta? An hnam nina an hnawl ta si chun ieng leiin am ST nina hnuoia hamthratna chu an la dong zing ding a na? ST list hin Israel mihai a huom sa ve am a ni? Ngaituona dinga lungril nei chun ngaituo mol raw se.
(Delhi, June 9, 2007)
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