March 16, 2014 khan Paul Chonzikin HYG-ah hieng hin a hung ziek a: “Ei MIL subject haia hin Poetry section ah hla chang umzie hrilfiena ding haiah, 'a kalbi sutin hrilfie rawh' ti a um tawl a, a umzie hi saptronga, 'explain with reference to the context' tina ni dingah ka ngai a. An dik am? Tuta ei hmang neka inhme lem le indik lem a um thei ding am? A umzie tak ka man naw a nih. Inchuklaihai khom an buoi ve tho ka ring hlak. Mi hung hrilfie pek ro khai!!” tiin.
March 17 khan HYG-ah hieng hin a don lailawkna ka ziek a: “Hi hi tronglamkei a ni a, a umzie i hung hril hi ei inkawktir tum tak chu a nih. A trongkam hi a'n dik am a'n dik naw ti ruok chu hril ngiel tham a nih. Tronglamkei dang ei hmang hlakhai chu 'a chepa kai, a tanbaw sut, a saha inban, a bul le bala sut/phok,' ti le a dang dang a nih. Ei hmangna san le inzomin ei hmang indik le indik naw chu hriet thei a nih. Tawitea hril fie ding ti sia a bul le bal le umzie a kip a kawi ei phut si chun thil thei lo a ni leiin ei tronglamkei hmang a'n dik nawh tina a nih. 'Reference to the context' chu 'a suokna bul le umzie' tina ni dingin ka ring a, chu le i tronglamkei hung thur suok hi inmil chie naw nih. Ka hun remchangah, a hranin artikul la hung ziek ka tih” tiin. Chuleiin hi artikul hi ka hung ziek a nih.
Thu le hla ei inchuka inthoka mi tlar hni khat amanih a hung suokna bul le a umzie tawi kim taka hril fie dinga an hung phor suokhai hi kha hma, Hmar tronga vernacular subject ei la nei hma, Lushai Vernacular ti, kum 1972 laia ‘Mizo Vernacular’ tia an hung thlak tah kha kan inchuk lai chun a ‘a tanbaw chhu, a chepa kai, a hauhuk kai’ tihai hi ‘reference to the context’ tina tronglamkeiah an hmang a. Hmar tronga ei inlet pha leh, ‘a tanbaw sutin, a chepa kaiin, a saha inbanin’ tiin ei sie hlak. Hieng tronglamkei tin hung suokna hi a hran seng a ni leiin, a hmasain la hang hril fie phot ei tih. Ei hrilfienaa inthok hin, a ngiel a ngana bi chun, ei thu le inzoma ei tronglamkei hmang threnkhat hi ei hmangna san le inzomin hi a fûk chie am, an naw leh a threl met am ti ei hriet thei nghal ka beisei.
A tanbaw sut
Kan naupang lai chun tuolah mei sêma kan inhnel changin inhnelna chi khat ‘Pi-pe saihnokah’ ti hih kan thaw hlak a. Mei tieng nghain kan inthrung tlar a, kan kut hnung tieng kan daw seng a. Kan kuta chun mi pakhat hin meihol amanih lungte a hung sie a. Chu a siena tak chu hre dik tumtu ding naupang inthrung tlarhai hmaah hnung tieng bok sonin a thrung a. Hla sak zoin naupanghai tieng chun a hung ngha a, a semtuin aruka lungte a siena naupang chu hriet dik a tum a. A hriet dik hma khat hla kan sak nawk hlak. Kan hla sak hlak chu,
Pi pe saihnokah,
Saihnokate changpâna,
Piring parang aikum deng,
Khaw hin am ka sie, hre thei rawh?
Dîkdêk takah, aikum rok
ti a nih.
A hla hi inhnelna hla ei nei laia upa tak ni dinga ring a ni a, a umzie khom hriet a harsa khop el. English nursery rhymes hai hi an khawsakna ram leilung, fakzongna, nunphung le an chanchin le inzom vong a ni ang bokin, ei inhnelna hla ei hung thur suok khom hi van laia inthoka hung tla el ni loin, ei chanchin le inzoma hung pieng ni ve ngei a tih. A tlar lina hi tu lai trongkam a ni tah leiin, tuta ei Hmar trong hmang tlanglawn, ‘Khawsak Trong’ an lo ti hlak hmangtuhaiin ei trong hmang thlĕka ei hung her rem pei tah khom a ni el thei. Genesis bung khatnaa thilsiem trobul a hrilna bung le chang inkar tina hin kum maktaduoi ieng zat pei am a tla ding ti hi mithiem tam tak ngaituona chotu a ni angin, inhnelna hla ei hrila tlar thumna le tlar lina inkara hin thrang ieng zat hiel am a tla ding ti hih ngaituo tham a nih. Sipai ding an lak a, a ruola inchen lo rupa va’n tlar el ang chuh ni naw top a tih.
A ieng khom chu ni ta sien, an thaw tak ruok chu lungte, aruka semtuin a siena tak kha ngairuota hriet tum a nih. Mi hmêla inthoka mi lungril le ngaituona hre thiem thei chun naupang ruol inthrung thrap hai hmel kha an hang en veng veng a, lungte chawitu threnkhat chu an inthup thiem naw a, an hmela inthokin a hung inlang a, hrediktu ding khan a man nghal hlak. An man dikhai kha hre diktu dingin an thrang nawk a, hrediktu kha a kheltuah a hung thrang pei hlak a nih. Mi hmela inthoka thil suia hriet suok tuma inhnelna a ni leia a ‘tânbaw sut’ ti trongkam hi a hung suok a nih ti ring a um hle.
Hi le inzoma thurachi an nei pakhat chu hi hi a nih. An inhnelna bula hin thlarau chi khat phûng an ti chun a lo ngaithlak zing a, tu khomin a lungte chawitu indik taka a hriet vong chun phûng chu a thi hlak niin an ngai. Hi tienami tawite hin thil tam tak a hrilin ka ring. Dawi hlahai po po hi chîk taka ei bi chun, thuvara inbeina ngot a ni angin, thil ngairuot le hriet indik theina thlarau chu ramhuoi khomin an lo ngam naw a nih ti chieng taka hriltu a ni thei. Isu khomin ni sawmli le zan sawmli thlemtu Setan kha ‘ti ziek’ ngot hmangin a sel dong der a ni khah.
Hienga inthok hin pi le puhai thurachi (legends), thusim (folklores) le tienami (stories) hai hin varna thu tam tak an pai ti hriet thei a nih. Chuong ang hlutna, abikin Grik thu le hla hluihai inthukzie le ropuizie an hung man suoka inthok chun thu le hla le arts tienga har tharna le tha thar thawa beina thlarau a cho suok a, chu chun Renaissance ei ti vet hi a hring a, chu kakhawk pei chun political revolution, industrial revolution le Reformation a nghong suok a, tu lai ngirhmun chen hi ei tlung phak a nih.
Mizorama misawnari hung hmasa tak pahnih, Rev. F.W.Savidge (Sap Upa) le a ruolpa J.H.Lorrain (Pu Buanga) hai khan A AW B an mi siempek bakah hnam ro tam tak ziekin an lo humhal a. Pu Buanga diksawnari tia hriet Dictionary of the Lushai Language (1940)-a chun hieng hin ‘tanbaw’ ti hi a lo hril fie : tanbaw, n. the name of a fireside game played with small pieces of charcoal (or any convenient ‘men’) and a drawing on the hearth with twelve extremities. The player, with his back turned, tells another where to place the pieces of charcoal, and the game consists of not telling him to put a piece on the same point more than once. It is a test of memory. It is said that a phûng (spirit) is always listening behind the hearth, and if the player goes through without a mistake the creature dies” p.427.
Hi inhnelna hi a hnung peiah tronglamkeiah hung neiin, thil sut dapa suina thu hrilnaah an hung hmang a, ‘a tanbaw sutin hril fie rawh’ ti chu ‘explain with reference to the context’ tinain an hung hmang zui ta pei a nih.
A chĕpa kai
Mazu sungkuoa mi, rama chetla chu thienhlei (squirrel) ei ti hi a ni a, chi hrang hrang an um a, chuonghai lai chun thienhlei pangngai neka hmŭr inzum, rim sie le intlaw tak ni awm chu ‘chĕpa’ hi a ni el awm. ‘Awk ta laileng’ ti trongkam khom a sertua an inthrangtir a nih. A filawsawfi zuitu khom mihriem lai hin a tlukledingawna tiem ei um. Eini lai ngei khom hin, mani intangnaa inthoka intâl suok thei lo dinga inngaina lungril put, chepa le ringkol bat hmunkhat ei tam a, ei thrangmawbawk laia mi del riktu tak a ni thei hiel awm. A tlan suok olsamna tak nia ngaiin mi tam takin sakhuo ei bĕl a, hmaithinghawngah ei hmang a. Amiruokchu a thlarau thilthawtheina ei hnawl a, ringnaa taima tak, huoisen tak le ringum taka hlawtling dinga kal chawi nekin, lemchang nunah ei lut a. A langa kraws thilthawtheina khekpui rak a, a taka mani nuna hmang pei si loin ei ek che inthrung a, intâl suok thei lo dinga inngai tlat chun mani kea ngir nêkin kutdaw ei thlang a, ei pulpit tin kutdawna tlangah ei inchangtir a, ‘a nawchi zor hrat hrat nu changkang’ ti ang khan, a daw hrat hrat mi changkangah ei ngai el a nih. Hieng thil hi chepa lungril hring suok a nina chin a tam.
Chepa hin hnuoiah fak a zong ang bokin thing lĕra khom fak a zong a. Thilthawna ienga khom a trangkaina tak hril ding um bar si lo, sienkhom a hming hre naw um lo khopa hmingthang vieu ni si a ni leiin, chuong anga hriet hlaw, ieng ni bar si lo hrilna chun, ‘chepa inlar, chepa hmingthang’ ti khom hi a hung suok a nih. Chun, chepa hi um rieu rieu thei lo, inphu zau zaua a lu phong hlak, tlân zot zot a ni leiin, chuong anga mi lêr, hur, um trok trok thei lo, mi har thot thot hrilna trongkamah ‘chepa hring khai ang vat vat’ ti hi a hung suok bok a nih. Bu bakah, a lampui bik khom ngaisak loa tlan vot vot a ni leiin, a kong khan khom ni loa châng an kam hin chepa hi a awk nuom a, a awk tah hlak chun, a mei ringota awk khom ni sien, intâl suok tum lo niin an hril a. Chu taka inthok chun, ‘Chepa hmanin awk tah laileng’ a tih an nawm ti trongkam, a hmaa ei hril tah kha, a hung suok a nih. Hi hi thil thra tieng hrilna khomin an hmang : “Pasalin thil ei thaw tran tah chu bansan lo e! Chepa khoma ‘awk ta laileng’ a tih an nawm” tiin.
Ei hril ding tak, ‘a chepa kai’ tiah lut inla. Thing bula inthoka thing lêr chena chepa a kai tung zat zat anga a bula inthoka thil a hung zik suok dan, a hung ni dan le a nina tak indota a kal khăna sui suok tǐna a nih. ‘A chepa kaiin hril fie rawh’ ti zawna le ‘Explain with reference to the context’ ti hi a hril tum thuhmun a nih. Entirnan, (1) ‘Kan hung innei dan chu a chepa kaiin la hril ka ti che’ ka ti chun a tira inthoka kan hung inngaizawng dan le innei dan chanchin indot thlapa hril ka tum thu ka tiemna a ni a; (2) ‘Sierkop chu a chepa kaia inthoka inchuk ding a nih’ ka ti chun a kal khăn (formula), a bul le bala inthoka inchuka hriet hmasak phot a poimawzie ka hrilna a ni thung.
‘Tawng Un Hrlhfiahna’ ti buotsaitu James Dokhuma chun, “Hei hi sawi dan a inang lo va. Thenkhat chuan ‘Thehlei angin chepa hian kawng a nei mumal ve lo va, a kal kaina remchang lai lai atangin a kal mai thin a. Kawng siam chawp leh lei khan chawpah pawh thang kam ila, a awk mai zel a. Chu avang chuan thu inhman kai remchanna lai hi a ‘chepa kai’ an ti a. Thenkhat erawh chuan, ‘A thu indawt leh inman chho thlapa sawina’ niin an ngai. Chutianga hmangtu chu an tam zawk ‘A hauhuk kai’ tih en la” tiin (p.4-1987 edition; p.3-2007 edition).
A saha inbanin
Saha hi Lusei trongin ‘hauhuk’ an ti a, zawng chi khat, gibbon ape (Hylobates hoolock-Pu Buanga) a ni a, Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary chun ‘hoolock’ chu ‘a small Assamese gibbon [Said to be native name, hulluk] tiin a hril fie. Saha hin zawng sungkuo lai khom mihriem an hnai bik a, nupaa um, a pakhat lem kap hlum tu khom a koppuiin a sŭn dan le a pûrdo lungsietumzie hmutu chu insir lo an um ngai naw a, an kap nawk ta ngai bok nawh tiin an hril hiel a nih. Ram hmangpuia an chettlat dan hmua an inhram hre zing zing hlak ka ni leiin, an inhram ria inthokin saha khom ti loin ‘hulruk’ kan ti a, an ‘inhram’ ti nekin ‘an hulruk’ kan ti hlak. Mihriem ang deuthaw an lo ngaizie khom ‘Hmangaina Ruongpuon’ bung khatnaah hieng hin ka hung phor suok ngat a nih:
Ramsim saha tuhmang lerah,
I pau kawl dar ang an ring luo e;
Thing tin zikah hraite i chawi a,
Neichonghnieng zu i du naw mani?
Saha hi chettlatna ram bik chin nei, a ram sunga chun hraw bik lam amanih khăn bik nei a nih. A chetna rama chun a riekna hmun le a ra tlăn umna hmun panna dinga thingzar inban kai hnaina lai dam hi a hriet a. Chu chu tekhinaa hmangin, thil inmantuo remchang lai, a bula inthoka inlalawn peia, indot thlapa a umzie indik taka hril fie hi thingzara inman kai theina remchang laia saha inban leh an tekhi hlak a. Entirnan, inchuklai naupang kuomah, “A saha inbana i thaw pei naw chun, voi le khata hmu el thei a ni nawh” tia thurawn ka pêk chun, a thil tum kha a hmu theina dingin ahmatiema sirbi nghet rem a, chu chu a hraw a trŭl thu ka hrilna a nih. Chu chu a nih kar hni vel liem taa artikul ka ziek, Stepping Stones tia ka thucha hril nuom chu nih.
A kalbi sûtin?
A thu hongnaa Dr. Paul B. Chonzik zawna pahni hung indon (i) ‘A kalbi sutin’ ti hi Saptronga ‘explain with reference to the context’ tina ning a ti? (ii) Hi nêka inhmè lem le indik lem um thei a ti? tihai hi hang don tum inla. ‘A kalbi sut’ ti hih trongkam ei hmang ka hriet ngai naw a, mi tuhaiin amanih ngaituo chieng mang loa trongkam thar an ser a ni el thei. ‘Sirbi’ a um a, chu chu Lusei trongin ‘rahbi’, Saptrongin notches, step, foot-rest an ti a, thing ler manih tung amanih kaina dinga ke nghatsan ei ker amanih tuk hi a nih. ‘Kalphung’ a um a, chu chu thaw dan tlangpui, inkeithruoina dan, khawsak dan, thil fe dan hmang tina a ni a, ‘kalhmang’ ti leh an inhnai hle. Rimawi leh hla bi leh inruol taka ke pên thruop thruopa lawn hi ‘kalrem’ an ti a. Theihle ei mut phaa ei ri tum ding anga a suok theina dingin hmet ding a kuo a um a, chu chu kal-‘bi’ ti a nih. Kal pên amanih chawiin bi a nei ka hriet ngai naw a, a lo nei a ni khomin a sŭta sŭt chi ni loin a suia sui chi ning a ta, hnienghnung sui ti leh thil thuhmun hung ning a tih. Chuleiin, ‘a kalbi sûtin’ ti le ‘reference to the context’ ti hin inzomna le inzawlna an nei theiin ka hriet nawh. Trongkam thar hi a tam thei ang tak ser suok ding a ni laiin, a konglam hrawa ser a ni naw chun a dam sawt nuom nawh.
Chun, zawna ei siemin hun tawite sunga a trobula inthoka indota ahmatiema suia ziek thlak dap dinga, “Hi a hnuoia thuhai hi a chepa kaia sui dapin hril fie rawh” ti ei ziek a, chu chu thawna dingin hun indai tawk ei pek si naw chun ei zawna siem dan hmang a fel hlel tina a nih. Entirna dingin, hril fie dinga ei pekhai chu (1) Hmun serh am lo ni ta! Kan siengna hnuoi ram hi; (2) Thina thim hnuoia ka’n thrung laiin, Pielral khawfing a hung chat ka lungrilah; (3) Vâl ka tlawm nawk tah; (4) I run sirah thlunglu nghatna bêk, Nunnem chantawk um thei a tim? (5) Tlumte thlira thlir; (6) Nuhmei varin tuikhur ral a kai nawh, tihai dam hi ni ta sien, a tlawm takah a donna dingin zawna pakhatah darkar chenve pei ei pek si naw chun ei zawna siem dan a fel nawh tina a nih. Tawi fel taka an don dinga ei ti a ni chun, hieng tronglamkei ei thur suokhai hi hmang loin, “A hnuoia thu le hla chang tar langhai hi a hung suokna bul le umzie tawi fel takin hril fie rawh” ti amanih, “Hienghai hi tawi fel takin an trobul le umzie hril fie rawh” ti el ding a nih.
(Delhi, March 22, 2014)
March 17 khan HYG-ah hieng hin a don lailawkna ka ziek a: “Hi hi tronglamkei a ni a, a umzie i hung hril hi ei inkawktir tum tak chu a nih. A trongkam hi a'n dik am a'n dik naw ti ruok chu hril ngiel tham a nih. Tronglamkei dang ei hmang hlakhai chu 'a chepa kai, a tanbaw sut, a saha inban, a bul le bala sut/phok,' ti le a dang dang a nih. Ei hmangna san le inzomin ei hmang indik le indik naw chu hriet thei a nih. Tawitea hril fie ding ti sia a bul le bal le umzie a kip a kawi ei phut si chun thil thei lo a ni leiin ei tronglamkei hmang a'n dik nawh tina a nih. 'Reference to the context' chu 'a suokna bul le umzie' tina ni dingin ka ring a, chu le i tronglamkei hung thur suok hi inmil chie naw nih. Ka hun remchangah, a hranin artikul la hung ziek ka tih” tiin. Chuleiin hi artikul hi ka hung ziek a nih.
Thu le hla ei inchuka inthoka mi tlar hni khat amanih a hung suokna bul le a umzie tawi kim taka hril fie dinga an hung phor suokhai hi kha hma, Hmar tronga vernacular subject ei la nei hma, Lushai Vernacular ti, kum 1972 laia ‘Mizo Vernacular’ tia an hung thlak tah kha kan inchuk lai chun a ‘a tanbaw chhu, a chepa kai, a hauhuk kai’ tihai hi ‘reference to the context’ tina tronglamkeiah an hmang a. Hmar tronga ei inlet pha leh, ‘a tanbaw sutin, a chepa kaiin, a saha inbanin’ tiin ei sie hlak. Hieng tronglamkei tin hung suokna hi a hran seng a ni leiin, a hmasain la hang hril fie phot ei tih. Ei hrilfienaa inthok hin, a ngiel a ngana bi chun, ei thu le inzoma ei tronglamkei hmang threnkhat hi ei hmangna san le inzomin hi a fûk chie am, an naw leh a threl met am ti ei hriet thei nghal ka beisei.
A tanbaw sut
Kan naupang lai chun tuolah mei sêma kan inhnel changin inhnelna chi khat ‘Pi-pe saihnokah’ ti hih kan thaw hlak a. Mei tieng nghain kan inthrung tlar a, kan kut hnung tieng kan daw seng a. Kan kuta chun mi pakhat hin meihol amanih lungte a hung sie a. Chu a siena tak chu hre dik tumtu ding naupang inthrung tlarhai hmaah hnung tieng bok sonin a thrung a. Hla sak zoin naupanghai tieng chun a hung ngha a, a semtuin aruka lungte a siena naupang chu hriet dik a tum a. A hriet dik hma khat hla kan sak nawk hlak. Kan hla sak hlak chu,
Pi pe saihnokah,
Saihnokate changpâna,
Piring parang aikum deng,
Khaw hin am ka sie, hre thei rawh?
Dîkdêk takah, aikum rok
ti a nih.
A hla hi inhnelna hla ei nei laia upa tak ni dinga ring a ni a, a umzie khom hriet a harsa khop el. English nursery rhymes hai hi an khawsakna ram leilung, fakzongna, nunphung le an chanchin le inzom vong a ni ang bokin, ei inhnelna hla ei hung thur suok khom hi van laia inthoka hung tla el ni loin, ei chanchin le inzoma hung pieng ni ve ngei a tih. A tlar lina hi tu lai trongkam a ni tah leiin, tuta ei Hmar trong hmang tlanglawn, ‘Khawsak Trong’ an lo ti hlak hmangtuhaiin ei trong hmang thlĕka ei hung her rem pei tah khom a ni el thei. Genesis bung khatnaa thilsiem trobul a hrilna bung le chang inkar tina hin kum maktaduoi ieng zat pei am a tla ding ti hi mithiem tam tak ngaituona chotu a ni angin, inhnelna hla ei hrila tlar thumna le tlar lina inkara hin thrang ieng zat hiel am a tla ding ti hih ngaituo tham a nih. Sipai ding an lak a, a ruola inchen lo rupa va’n tlar el ang chuh ni naw top a tih.
A ieng khom chu ni ta sien, an thaw tak ruok chu lungte, aruka semtuin a siena tak kha ngairuota hriet tum a nih. Mi hmêla inthoka mi lungril le ngaituona hre thiem thei chun naupang ruol inthrung thrap hai hmel kha an hang en veng veng a, lungte chawitu threnkhat chu an inthup thiem naw a, an hmela inthokin a hung inlang a, hrediktu ding khan a man nghal hlak. An man dikhai kha hre diktu dingin an thrang nawk a, hrediktu kha a kheltuah a hung thrang pei hlak a nih. Mi hmela inthoka thil suia hriet suok tuma inhnelna a ni leia a ‘tânbaw sut’ ti trongkam hi a hung suok a nih ti ring a um hle.
Hi le inzoma thurachi an nei pakhat chu hi hi a nih. An inhnelna bula hin thlarau chi khat phûng an ti chun a lo ngaithlak zing a, tu khomin a lungte chawitu indik taka a hriet vong chun phûng chu a thi hlak niin an ngai. Hi tienami tawite hin thil tam tak a hrilin ka ring. Dawi hlahai po po hi chîk taka ei bi chun, thuvara inbeina ngot a ni angin, thil ngairuot le hriet indik theina thlarau chu ramhuoi khomin an lo ngam naw a nih ti chieng taka hriltu a ni thei. Isu khomin ni sawmli le zan sawmli thlemtu Setan kha ‘ti ziek’ ngot hmangin a sel dong der a ni khah.
Hienga inthok hin pi le puhai thurachi (legends), thusim (folklores) le tienami (stories) hai hin varna thu tam tak an pai ti hriet thei a nih. Chuong ang hlutna, abikin Grik thu le hla hluihai inthukzie le ropuizie an hung man suoka inthok chun thu le hla le arts tienga har tharna le tha thar thawa beina thlarau a cho suok a, chu chun Renaissance ei ti vet hi a hring a, chu kakhawk pei chun political revolution, industrial revolution le Reformation a nghong suok a, tu lai ngirhmun chen hi ei tlung phak a nih.
Mizorama misawnari hung hmasa tak pahnih, Rev. F.W.Savidge (Sap Upa) le a ruolpa J.H.Lorrain (Pu Buanga) hai khan A AW B an mi siempek bakah hnam ro tam tak ziekin an lo humhal a. Pu Buanga diksawnari tia hriet Dictionary of the Lushai Language (1940)-a chun hieng hin ‘tanbaw’ ti hi a lo hril fie : tanbaw, n. the name of a fireside game played with small pieces of charcoal (or any convenient ‘men’) and a drawing on the hearth with twelve extremities. The player, with his back turned, tells another where to place the pieces of charcoal, and the game consists of not telling him to put a piece on the same point more than once. It is a test of memory. It is said that a phûng (spirit) is always listening behind the hearth, and if the player goes through without a mistake the creature dies” p.427.
Hi inhnelna hi a hnung peiah tronglamkeiah hung neiin, thil sut dapa suina thu hrilnaah an hung hmang a, ‘a tanbaw sutin hril fie rawh’ ti chu ‘explain with reference to the context’ tinain an hung hmang zui ta pei a nih.
A chĕpa kai
Mazu sungkuoa mi, rama chetla chu thienhlei (squirrel) ei ti hi a ni a, chi hrang hrang an um a, chuonghai lai chun thienhlei pangngai neka hmŭr inzum, rim sie le intlaw tak ni awm chu ‘chĕpa’ hi a ni el awm. ‘Awk ta laileng’ ti trongkam khom a sertua an inthrangtir a nih. A filawsawfi zuitu khom mihriem lai hin a tlukledingawna tiem ei um. Eini lai ngei khom hin, mani intangnaa inthoka intâl suok thei lo dinga inngaina lungril put, chepa le ringkol bat hmunkhat ei tam a, ei thrangmawbawk laia mi del riktu tak a ni thei hiel awm. A tlan suok olsamna tak nia ngaiin mi tam takin sakhuo ei bĕl a, hmaithinghawngah ei hmang a. Amiruokchu a thlarau thilthawtheina ei hnawl a, ringnaa taima tak, huoisen tak le ringum taka hlawtling dinga kal chawi nekin, lemchang nunah ei lut a. A langa kraws thilthawtheina khekpui rak a, a taka mani nuna hmang pei si loin ei ek che inthrung a, intâl suok thei lo dinga inngai tlat chun mani kea ngir nêkin kutdaw ei thlang a, ei pulpit tin kutdawna tlangah ei inchangtir a, ‘a nawchi zor hrat hrat nu changkang’ ti ang khan, a daw hrat hrat mi changkangah ei ngai el a nih. Hieng thil hi chepa lungril hring suok a nina chin a tam.
Chepa hin hnuoiah fak a zong ang bokin thing lĕra khom fak a zong a. Thilthawna ienga khom a trangkaina tak hril ding um bar si lo, sienkhom a hming hre naw um lo khopa hmingthang vieu ni si a ni leiin, chuong anga hriet hlaw, ieng ni bar si lo hrilna chun, ‘chepa inlar, chepa hmingthang’ ti khom hi a hung suok a nih. Chun, chepa hi um rieu rieu thei lo, inphu zau zaua a lu phong hlak, tlân zot zot a ni leiin, chuong anga mi lêr, hur, um trok trok thei lo, mi har thot thot hrilna trongkamah ‘chepa hring khai ang vat vat’ ti hi a hung suok bok a nih. Bu bakah, a lampui bik khom ngaisak loa tlan vot vot a ni leiin, a kong khan khom ni loa châng an kam hin chepa hi a awk nuom a, a awk tah hlak chun, a mei ringota awk khom ni sien, intâl suok tum lo niin an hril a. Chu taka inthok chun, ‘Chepa hmanin awk tah laileng’ a tih an nawm ti trongkam, a hmaa ei hril tah kha, a hung suok a nih. Hi hi thil thra tieng hrilna khomin an hmang : “Pasalin thil ei thaw tran tah chu bansan lo e! Chepa khoma ‘awk ta laileng’ a tih an nawm” tiin.
Ei hril ding tak, ‘a chepa kai’ tiah lut inla. Thing bula inthoka thing lêr chena chepa a kai tung zat zat anga a bula inthoka thil a hung zik suok dan, a hung ni dan le a nina tak indota a kal khăna sui suok tǐna a nih. ‘A chepa kaiin hril fie rawh’ ti zawna le ‘Explain with reference to the context’ ti hi a hril tum thuhmun a nih. Entirnan, (1) ‘Kan hung innei dan chu a chepa kaiin la hril ka ti che’ ka ti chun a tira inthoka kan hung inngaizawng dan le innei dan chanchin indot thlapa hril ka tum thu ka tiemna a ni a; (2) ‘Sierkop chu a chepa kaia inthoka inchuk ding a nih’ ka ti chun a kal khăn (formula), a bul le bala inthoka inchuka hriet hmasak phot a poimawzie ka hrilna a ni thung.
‘Tawng Un Hrlhfiahna’ ti buotsaitu James Dokhuma chun, “Hei hi sawi dan a inang lo va. Thenkhat chuan ‘Thehlei angin chepa hian kawng a nei mumal ve lo va, a kal kaina remchang lai lai atangin a kal mai thin a. Kawng siam chawp leh lei khan chawpah pawh thang kam ila, a awk mai zel a. Chu avang chuan thu inhman kai remchanna lai hi a ‘chepa kai’ an ti a. Thenkhat erawh chuan, ‘A thu indawt leh inman chho thlapa sawina’ niin an ngai. Chutianga hmangtu chu an tam zawk ‘A hauhuk kai’ tih en la” tiin (p.4-1987 edition; p.3-2007 edition).
A saha inbanin
Saha hi Lusei trongin ‘hauhuk’ an ti a, zawng chi khat, gibbon ape (Hylobates hoolock-Pu Buanga) a ni a, Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary chun ‘hoolock’ chu ‘a small Assamese gibbon [Said to be native name, hulluk] tiin a hril fie. Saha hin zawng sungkuo lai khom mihriem an hnai bik a, nupaa um, a pakhat lem kap hlum tu khom a koppuiin a sŭn dan le a pûrdo lungsietumzie hmutu chu insir lo an um ngai naw a, an kap nawk ta ngai bok nawh tiin an hril hiel a nih. Ram hmangpuia an chettlat dan hmua an inhram hre zing zing hlak ka ni leiin, an inhram ria inthokin saha khom ti loin ‘hulruk’ kan ti a, an ‘inhram’ ti nekin ‘an hulruk’ kan ti hlak. Mihriem ang deuthaw an lo ngaizie khom ‘Hmangaina Ruongpuon’ bung khatnaah hieng hin ka hung phor suok ngat a nih:
Ramsim saha tuhmang lerah,
I pau kawl dar ang an ring luo e;
Thing tin zikah hraite i chawi a,
Neichonghnieng zu i du naw mani?
Saha hi chettlatna ram bik chin nei, a ram sunga chun hraw bik lam amanih khăn bik nei a nih. A chetna rama chun a riekna hmun le a ra tlăn umna hmun panna dinga thingzar inban kai hnaina lai dam hi a hriet a. Chu chu tekhinaa hmangin, thil inmantuo remchang lai, a bula inthoka inlalawn peia, indot thlapa a umzie indik taka hril fie hi thingzara inman kai theina remchang laia saha inban leh an tekhi hlak a. Entirnan, inchuklai naupang kuomah, “A saha inbana i thaw pei naw chun, voi le khata hmu el thei a ni nawh” tia thurawn ka pêk chun, a thil tum kha a hmu theina dingin ahmatiema sirbi nghet rem a, chu chu a hraw a trŭl thu ka hrilna a nih. Chu chu a nih kar hni vel liem taa artikul ka ziek, Stepping Stones tia ka thucha hril nuom chu nih.
A kalbi sûtin?
A thu hongnaa Dr. Paul B. Chonzik zawna pahni hung indon (i) ‘A kalbi sutin’ ti hi Saptronga ‘explain with reference to the context’ tina ning a ti? (ii) Hi nêka inhmè lem le indik lem um thei a ti? tihai hi hang don tum inla. ‘A kalbi sut’ ti hih trongkam ei hmang ka hriet ngai naw a, mi tuhaiin amanih ngaituo chieng mang loa trongkam thar an ser a ni el thei. ‘Sirbi’ a um a, chu chu Lusei trongin ‘rahbi’, Saptrongin notches, step, foot-rest an ti a, thing ler manih tung amanih kaina dinga ke nghatsan ei ker amanih tuk hi a nih. ‘Kalphung’ a um a, chu chu thaw dan tlangpui, inkeithruoina dan, khawsak dan, thil fe dan hmang tina a ni a, ‘kalhmang’ ti leh an inhnai hle. Rimawi leh hla bi leh inruol taka ke pên thruop thruopa lawn hi ‘kalrem’ an ti a. Theihle ei mut phaa ei ri tum ding anga a suok theina dingin hmet ding a kuo a um a, chu chu kal-‘bi’ ti a nih. Kal pên amanih chawiin bi a nei ka hriet ngai naw a, a lo nei a ni khomin a sŭta sŭt chi ni loin a suia sui chi ning a ta, hnienghnung sui ti leh thil thuhmun hung ning a tih. Chuleiin, ‘a kalbi sûtin’ ti le ‘reference to the context’ ti hin inzomna le inzawlna an nei theiin ka hriet nawh. Trongkam thar hi a tam thei ang tak ser suok ding a ni laiin, a konglam hrawa ser a ni naw chun a dam sawt nuom nawh.
Chun, zawna ei siemin hun tawite sunga a trobula inthoka indota ahmatiema suia ziek thlak dap dinga, “Hi a hnuoia thuhai hi a chepa kaia sui dapin hril fie rawh” ti ei ziek a, chu chu thawna dingin hun indai tawk ei pek si naw chun ei zawna siem dan hmang a fel hlel tina a nih. Entirna dingin, hril fie dinga ei pekhai chu (1) Hmun serh am lo ni ta! Kan siengna hnuoi ram hi; (2) Thina thim hnuoia ka’n thrung laiin, Pielral khawfing a hung chat ka lungrilah; (3) Vâl ka tlawm nawk tah; (4) I run sirah thlunglu nghatna bêk, Nunnem chantawk um thei a tim? (5) Tlumte thlira thlir; (6) Nuhmei varin tuikhur ral a kai nawh, tihai dam hi ni ta sien, a tlawm takah a donna dingin zawna pakhatah darkar chenve pei ei pek si naw chun ei zawna siem dan a fel nawh tina a nih. Tawi fel taka an don dinga ei ti a ni chun, hieng tronglamkei ei thur suokhai hi hmang loin, “A hnuoia thu le hla chang tar langhai hi a hung suokna bul le umzie tawi fel takin hril fie rawh” ti amanih, “Hienghai hi tawi fel takin an trobul le umzie hril fie rawh” ti el ding a nih.
(Delhi, March 22, 2014)
###
No comments :
Post a Comment