Ei Suotlang Hlui

‘Ei Suotlang Hlui’ ti hin ei inkawktir tum tak chu kristien sakhuo a hung lut hmaa ei pi le puhai khawsak dan a nih. ‘Pipu Suotlang/ Pipu Khawvel’ ti thei a ni bok. Chu khawvel chu ei trobul le chi-zam inthlungna, ei pienfung siemtu, ei hnam zierang le nunphung hung incher suoktu, ei hriet le hriet loa ei nun zepui trieltu le ei ngaituona khawl lipui hertu le khaltu a ni tlat leiin, ei nina hre chieng ding chun ei suotlang hlui ei hriet chieng a trul makmaw a nih. A san chu voisuna ei nina siemtu chu zani kha a ni a, zinga ei nina ding siemtu chu voisun hi a nih. Mani trobul hre chieng lo le chutaka inthoka zung thlak lo mihriem chu hlohna, zung kei loa tuipui chunga inleng ang a nih.

Trobul thusim
India hmar sak rama cheng Mongoloid hmelhmang puthai hin ei hung suokna bul ni dinga ei sui seng chu China ram a nih. A thren Tibet ram zuonin ei hung lut a, a thren ruok chu Tibet sim sak tieng hrutin tuta Burma (Myanmar)-a Shan ramah, chu taka inthokin Kachin ramah, fe peiin Sagaing Province-a um Kabaw phaiah ei hung chuong lut a. Kabaw phaia inthokin a thren Arakan (Rakhine) tieng ei pan a, Arakan tlangram le Chittagong Hills Tract chen ei inzar thla a. A thren ruok chun Chin Hills ei kai a, chu taka chun tlang hrang hrangah ei inzar dar a. A thren nawk ruok chu Manipur le Nagaland-ah an lut thlak a.

Hieng hun laia Burma chuonchung (Upper Burma) a lalna changtu chu Shan hai an nih. An inlalna hmunpui Ava-ah AD 1364 laia an inson chun an ram chu Ava Kingdom ti le an lal khom Ava Reng tia hriet a hung ni a. Biel hrang hrang optu dingin Rêngte (swabaw) an sie a. Kabaw phaia ei khawsak laia Shan lal (swabaw) chu Kytaungyo, Khampat kul bawltu kha ni dinga ring a nih. Khampat hi ei pi le puhaiin bungpui an phunna khuo a ni a, a khaw hming khom hi Shanhai phuok a ni a, ‘rangkachak thri’ (gold necklace) tina a nih. Chun, kha hma khan Shan lalhai sungkuoah intaina a um leiin an unauhai laia lungawi lo mi pakhat Sukhapa chun a mihai iemani zat thruoiin kum 1215 AD khan Maulung khuoa inthokin Patkoi tlang a chuon khum a, Assam ram sak kilah a lut a, Charaideo-ah umhmun a khuor a, lalram an din a, a ram hmingah anni inkona hming ‘Ahom’ leh inzûlin ‘Ashom’ tiin an ko a, chu chu a hnunga ‘Assam’ tia ko hung ni tah pei hi a nih.

Kabaw phaia inthoka Chin Hills chuon a, chu taka inthoka thlang tla nawk pei a, Tripura ram chena inzar darhai chu Chin, Kuki le Mizo (Chikumi) tia hriet hnamhai hi ei nih. Hieng mihai le eini ei inkona hminghai hi Kabaw phaia ei um lai khan a la pieng nawh niin an lang. ‘Chin’ ti hi Chin Hills ei kai hnunga Kawlhai mi kona hming a ni a, a umzie chu ‘Bawmphurhai’ tina a nih. Chin Hills-a inthoka thlang tla hmasa, Tripura ram chen zu tlung le Korvai (Bengalihai) zu paw hmasahai chu ‘Kuki’ tiin mi lo ko a. Chuonghai chu a hnunga ‘Old Kuki’ tia hriet, tuta ‘Hmar hnathlak’ ei tihai hi an nih. ‘Mizo’ ti ruok chu Mizorama Zo hnathlak hnam hrang hrang chenghaiin inkona hming tlanglawn dinga an hung ser suok a nih. Kum 1900-a G.A.Grierson-in eini rawi, trong trobul inhnai le inang hai trong a hung sui khan Meiteihai chen khom eini lai hung siein, Linguistic Survey of India Volume III Part 3 a chun ‘Tibeto-Burman Group’ ah a mi hung hlu lut a. Chu taka chun Zo hnathlak trong hrang hrang hmang ringot khom sawmli chuong zetin ei lo peng dar hman tah a nih.

Thlang ei hung tlak pei lai khan ei inzinna lampuiah sakhaw upa laia ngai Confucianism le Buddhism zuituhai ei hung pal tlang a nih ti chu histawri ei sui chun inhmai ruol a ni nawh. Chuong sakhuohai chu zui a, a ram mihai lai khawsa a, an trong hmang a, an hnamah inzêl lût tah ieng zat top am ei um ding ti chu DNA zai hmanga sui chauh naw chun hriet chieng thei ngaina a um ta nawh. Sienkhom, chuong ang hipna le zawrna chu ngaisak loa hma tieng pana fe pei dinga hûitu kut chu zuia fe pei pawl ei um a. Chuonghai chun fak zong olsamna phaizawl thra tak taka cheng a, lum le khawsik phur thokangin an se zoi nekin, tlangram thengthawa zalen taka khawsak chu an lo thlang lem a. Tu sukbuoi loa Chin Hills le a se vel tlang hrang hrangah inzar dar a, kum 300-400 inkar vel ei khawsa sungin Zo hnathlak hnam hrang hranga insâlhai hi ei hung suok a nih.

Hmar hming pieng hun
Lungnona thrang loa histawri inkhina hmanga chîk taka tuta Zo hnathlak hnam hrang hrang hai inkona hming hung suok dan hi ei sui chun, a tam lem hin Lusei trong hmanghai mi kona hming ei som a nih: Hmar, Lakher, Pawi, Paite, Ralte, Vaiphei. Tuta Hmar pahnam hrang hrang, Old Kuki ti hnuoia sie, pahnam hminga inko zinghai hi a tu khom ‘Hmar’ ti hming a suok hma daia inpem suok vong an nih. Chun, Hmar hnathlakhai chanchin, tienami, hla hlui le dawi hla a ienga khom ‘Hmar’ ti hming hi hmu ding a um nawh, a la pieng tlat naw leiin. Ka hriet dan chun, lekhabua a chuong hmasakna tak chu 1904-a sut, G.A. Grierson buotsai ‘Linguistic Survey of India, Volume III Part III a na; a hung inlang nawkna chu 1912-a sut Lt. Col. J.Shakespear ziek ‘The Lushei-Kuki Clans’ ah a nih. Chun, ‘Hmar’ ti hi ‘Mar’ tia inthoka hung suok ni dinga hril pawl an um a, sienkhom ‘Mar’ chu Lakher hnam inkona ‘Mara’ tina a ni lem.

Grierson inrawina hnuoia linguistic survey an thaw laia thil poimaw inchik tlak chu Zo hnathlakhai pawl lia a mi thre dan hi a nih. Northern Group, Central Group le Southern Group le Old Kuki tiin a thre a. Northern Group-a a siehai hi Chin Hills hmar tienga khawsa, “G’ Group tia ka ko hlak Thado, Sukte, Sizang (Siyin), Galte (Ralte), Gangte, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei le hnam dang dang, ‘R’ neka ‘G’ hmang pawlhai an nih. Central Group-a a siehai chu Tlaisun (Tason), Lai (Pawi), Lakher (Mara), Lusei, Banjogi, Pangkhuo le a dang dang, ‘R’ nei pawl an nih. Southern Group-a a siehai chu Chinme, Welaung, Chinbok, Yindu, Chinbon, Khyang/Sho, Khumi le a dang dang, ‘R’ Group-a mi bok, Chin Hills sim tieng le Arakan le a se vela chenghai an nih. Group lina hai ruok chu thlang an lo tla daih tah lei le Bengalihai zuk paw a, Kuki hming an lo inputtir tah hiel an ni leiin Old Kuki hnuoiah a sie daih thung a nih. Chuonghai chu Aimuol, Anal, Biete, Chawthe, Chawrai, Chiru, Darlong, Hallam, Hmar (Mhar), Hrangkhol (Rangkhol), Hiroi-Lamjang (Lamkang), Kaipeng, Kolhren (Koireng), Kom, Molsuom, Purum, Ranglong (Langrong) le a dang dang, abikin ‘Hmar’ ti sunga pahnamhai le an siperhai po po hi an nih.

Hienghai laia Bengal Tuipui chen zu thlang tla hmasahaiin Bengalihai an zuk pawna hun, rikawta inthoka sui thei chu 1450-1500 AD vel kha a nih. Amiruokchu, anni rawi hi chuong lai le tu chen khoma inkona hming tlanglawna ‘Kuki’ hmang nuom loa mani pahnam hminga inko deu vong an la nih. An hnunga hung Thado-Haokip-Khuongsai haiin ‘Kuki’ hming hi inkona tlanglawnah an hung hmang leiin tu chen hin an put tah pei a nih. Chun, ‘Hmar’ ti hming hung piengna hi 1850 hnung tieng niin a’n lang bok. Chu umzie chu, Tripuraa thlang tla hmasa, Old Kuki tia hriet, tuta Hmar hnathlak tia hriethai thlang tlak hnung kum 400 velah ‘Hmar’ hming hi a hung pieng chauh a nih. Manipura Hmar hnathlak threnkhat, entirnan Anal le Chawthe haiin Manipur an lutna huna an rikawt le ‘Hmar’ hming piengna inkara khom hin kum 300 vel zet a tla bok a nih.

Hmar hming le trong suok dan
A tawi thei ang takin, ‘Hmar’ hming le ‘Hmar Trong’ ei ti hi a hung suok dan hang hril ei tih. Mizorama chambang, Hmar hnathlak pahnam hrang hrang, Lusei lalhai opna hnuoia khawsahai kha Lusei lalhai an hung indo phing leh remchanga lain tam tak hmar tieng panin an suok a, chuonghai chu ‘Hmarho’ tiin an ko a, pahnam seng hminga inko nekin chu hming chu inkona hming tlanglawna an hung hmang leia hnam hminga hung pieng tah pei a nih. A hmaa ei hril tah ang khan, chu thil chu 1850 vela intran niin a’n lang. Chun, ‘Hmar Trong’ ei ti khom hi Lusei lalhai opna hnuoia Hmar hnathlak pahnam hrang hrang trong le Dulien-Lusei trong inchok pola inthoka trong thar hung suok, Hmar hnathlak thlang lo tla hmasahaiin ‘Khawsak Trong’ tia an ko hlak chu a nih. Hi trong hi Chanchin Thra puong darna hmangruoa hmang hmasa tak a ni leiin a hung inthrang hlut hlut a, lekha inchukna tronga hmang a hung ni zui a, College chena vernacular sabzeka hmang thei Major Indian Languages (MIL) laia pakhata Manipur le Assam sorkarin an pom hiel a hung ni phak tah a nih.

Hmar hnathlak hrang hrang, thlang tla hmasa le hmar tieng pana Manipur rama inzar dar hmasa hieng Aimol, Anal, Biete, Chawthe (Chothe), Chawrai (Chorei), Chiru (Rhem/Hriem), Darlong, Hrangkhol, Kaipeng, Kharam, Kolhren (Koireng), Kom, Lamkang (Lamjang), Muolsom, Purum, Ranglong (Langrong), Sakechek le a dang dang hai hi ‘Hmar’ hming a pieng hma daia lo inpem dar tah an ni leiin, mani pahnam hminga tribal list-a lo inziek lut an um a ni khomin thil mak a ni nawh. A thren chu an hming put hmasa tak ‘Kuki’ hnuoiah an la um zing. A thren nawk ruok chun mani sahimna zongin, lung tlu lo deuin, Naga sa an phun tah bok. Chuonghai ang boka Zo hnathlakhai laia Naga (Tangkhul) sa lo phun tah hai chu Lai (Pawi) hnama mi Maring le Mayon hai hi an nih.

Lien lema ei thlir chun, Kabaw phaia inthoka Chin Hills tieng ei kai lai khan tuta inkonaa Zo hnathlak hnam hming hrang hrang ei neihai hi a ieng khom a la pieng nawh niin a’n lang. ‘Lusei’ tia inkohai khom hi ei hang bi chieng chun, a ziding tak le lal thlaa inngaihai hi Chin Hills-a inthoka Mizoram tieng an thlang tlak tawm ruoia sungkuo hung ngir suok, an pa Paite (Zahmuok), an nu Hmar (Lawiler) a inthoka hung suok an nih. Hi nupahai histawri indina inthok hin a tawpah Mizoram hi a hung pieng a nih. Amiruokchu, anni hung thlang tlakna hun hi Zo hnathlakhaiin Mizoram an hung hluo tranna anga histawri ei ziek chun Lusei trong hmang ve lohai po ei hnawl tina a ni a, chu chu thil infuk lo, hnam insuikhawmna lampuia tlukna khur le dalna lungpui a nih. 

Chun, hnam hming thil ringot khom ni loin, ei sakhuo biek dan le ei pielral lutna lampuia ei ngai khom a la hnaiin, mong inlang kûka inthrung a la nih. Mithi khaw panna, pielral lutna lampui ni dinga ei ring chu Trieu vadung sak el, Ri Dil (Hri Li), Burma le Mizoram inrìna bul ela um a nih. Hi lai hmuna hin ei Hringlang Tlang, ei Lunglo Tui, ei Hawilopar, ei Mithi Khuo le ei Pielral khawvel khom a’n thlung vong a nih. Ei hung thlak pei a, Khawlêk khaw bulah Thlanpiel Kot, mithihai hraw hlak lampui ei hung nei nawk a. Chu taka inthoka fe peiin Haflong suo tienga Ngaiban Tlang ei ti hming khom hi a hung pieng tah pei a nih. ‘Fâng’ ei ko changa hmun hming ei sàm inzing tak hlak khom ‘Hri Li le Champhai’ an nih. Hieng lai hmun ei hluo lai hin pahnam hming ngota inko ei la ni a, ei khaw maksanhai khom pahnam le a siperhai hming put vong an nih: Biete, Chonsim (Chawnchhim), Darngawn, Kangbur, Khawzawl, Khawbung, Keivom Zo (Ngaizawl), Thriek, Tuolte, Neidon, Ngurte, Sungte (Chhungte), Vankal, Zote, le a dang dang.

Chun, Tripura, Cachar le Manipur tienga an inzar dar hmaa an lo cheng khawmna nia an hril chu Ruonglevaisuo (Tipaimukh) a ni a, Hmar hnathlak tam tak ta dinga an Sinlung-2 a nih. Hi hi Ruonglevaisuo Thusim/Tradition tia hril thei a ni bok. Hi hmun le inzom chanchin inzawt ding khom an hau hle. Chu chu ‘Hmar’ ti hming a pieng hma kum 200-300 vela thil tlung a nih. Hi thila hin ei chieng pha leh Hmar hnathlakhai inkara insuikhawmna kot khom hung inhong lien pei el a tih. Chuong ang char chun, ‘Mizo’ ninaah ei chieng pha leh Zo hnathlakhai inzomna khom hi hril tam ngai loin hung hrat pei bok a tih. A pumbil tum bik ei um pha leh ei trè hlak a nih.

Khawsak dan tlangpui
Ei histawri chik taka ei sui chun kum 1700-1800 vel hma chen khan ei pi le puhai chu umhmun nghet bengbel hman loin kum thum dan velah tlang lo nei remchangna hmun hmunah an inson pei a. Do le ral, hri le hrai le ramsa huoi laka an him theina dingin tlang thawveng le hmun hrisel, tuikhur ding le machi lakna ding a um theina, dannaranin nikangah khuo an sat hlak a. A chang chun an hang inbengbel ding chauh leh râl lei le trâm leiin an khuo an rausan a ngai a. A chang ruok chun a ram hrisel naw lei dam le tui harsatna lei damin an insonsan a ngai bok a. Tri ding an hau a, an nun a him naw a, an dam kum a tawi a, an nun an chêp bok a nih.

Bu sik zo, an buhai an thak zo hnung sawt naw teah lo vat an tran nawk a. Lo an vat zoin thla khat vel, chap an nghak trawl sungin awllen hun an nei a, chu huna chun Chapchar Kut hmangin ‘hazu’ an dawn a, an insukhlim hlak. Chun, chapchar huna hin furpui sung dai dinga in bawl le siem thrat sinah an insiek a, kaisan fielin mi tam takin inchung an dàng thra a, chungdàl thar an inkhum hlak. Chu bakah, machi khur nei naw khuohai chun si-tui (salt spring) umna an zong a, zan riekin an inthok suok a, kum khat sunga an ring khop ding sì-tuia inthokin machi an lak suok a, chu chu ‘chi teng’ an tih. Bêlah sì tui chu an suong a, a tui a kang pha machia kîng po an lak suok a, rawtheiah an thun pei a. Sung khat kum khat dai ding tengna dingin si bulah kar khat dam riekin an inkul hlak a nih. Chuleiin, chapchar awllen sung khom ni khat ni hni ti bak chuh an awl meu naw a ni tak.

Lo raw zoin nipui sensa hnuoiah a kang zo naw po an inthiel fai a, an raw a, chu chu ‘hmangkhaw’(hmangfom) an tih. Hi hun, lo raw hnung le thlai chi an thlak hun hi ‘ringmu’ an tih. Ringmu lai bu an tu a, tro-ruo a hung sur a, bu an hung mawng hnung sawt naw teah hlohram thloin a zui a. Fùrin a sunzom a, furpui sung po po a sur a sa hnuoiah, mise, invot, thrangthrâm le mi sukna thei trium tam tak karah hrâm bul leh an insuol ngat ngat a. Chu chu favang awllenin a zui a, chu hun chu kum khat sunga hun thawveng le hlimum taka an nei chu a nih. Hi hi Thlaram (September) thla le October chawhma tieng a ni tak a. Hi huna hin khawtlang hraia inchong dinghai khoma inchongna hun taka an nei hlak chu a nih. Hi thla hi ‘Thi trin thla’ ti a ni bok a, kum khata thihai po po thlarau, hnuoia la cham zinga an ngaihai chu mithi khuo pan tah dinga an inthla liem hun a nih. Chuleiin, nuhmei pasal innei ding khom Thlaram thlaah an thaw ngai nawh; Thlaram thlaa innei chu an hmuingil naw a, an ram hlak ni dingin an ring. Thlaram zoah bu rai a hung tre a, airawchingin a hung zui a, chu zoah bu sikin a hung zui nawk a. Bu vui hi zu le vain an tlan nuom ve leiin bu sik hun hi ‘bu lu inchu hun’ tiin an hril hlak.

Kum tluon deuthawa zing nisa suok zuia sinthaw, arkhuon tlanga tho, inthim laia bu faa lo fea inthok suok, inthim boka hung inlawi nawk chauh an ni leiin an chung a rik em em. Thla a deta inthoka a mang chen hi thla khatah an tiem a. Chu baka an hun inkhina chu nisa suoka inthoka a tlak chen hi ni khat, a tlaka inthoka a suok nawk chen zan khat a ni nawk top a. Chawlkar khat ni saria ei thre hi an la nei ve naw a, anni ta ding chun ni tin hi Thawtranni a ni vong. Chawlkar ei hmanghai hi Romanhaiin an hmang hlak, British-haiin an kawpi, khawvela an thè dar, anni leia eini khomin ei lo dong ve, kum za ei hmang ve trèk trék tah chu a nih. A ni hminghai khom hi misawnari hmasahai mi lo phuokpek a nih. Kristien ei hung ni leia kar khatah ni khat ei chawl ringot khom hi, thil dang dong sa naw khom ni inla, a manhla tah hrim hrim. Ei pi le puhai nun kha hang ngaituo ringot khomin, ning a’n ip chur chur el a nih.

Ieng anga hnam mawl le var khomin eini neka thil thaw thei lem, mi thrangpui theitu umin ei ring a, chu chu ei tlon a, biek lungawi ei tum a, a kuomah dawvan ei kai a, ei inthawi hlak. Chu chu sakhuo ei tih. Ei pi le puhai khomin chuong anga thil thaw thei chu vanah um dingin an ring a, a kuomah dawvan an kai a, an biek hlak. Ama chu Vana Pa, Pathien, Khawzing, Khuonu-Khuopa, Khuovang le hming hrang hrangin an ko. Mi thra le indik, mi chunga sietna intlun ngai lo, iengkim siemtu ni dingin an ring. An biek le tlon lungawi tum tak chu thlarau suol, ‘Huoi’ chi hrang hrang, anni chunga sietna intlungtirtu nia an ringhai chu an nih. Khuoa hri le natna inlengtir theitu huoi chu ‘Khawhri” (Khuo+Hri) an ti a, rama um huoi chi hran hran, mi sukna theituhai chu ‘Ramhuoi’ (Ram+Huoi) an tih. Chuong huoihai chu tri hrim hrimin an um a, tlon lungawi tumin huoi kuomah an nei sun sun sêngin an inthawi hlak. Ram hnuoiah bu an fak khomin, an fak hmain anni chu infaktir hmasak ngaia an hriet leiin bu le hme tlawmte an thè suok hmasa zet a, chu ‘Khuo tlai’ an tih.

Mihriem hin thi thei lo thlarau nei dingin an ring a. Chuong ang bokin ramsa hai, ran hai, rannung hai, thilhring hai le thing le ruo chenin thlarau neiin an ring a. Inthawina le thil hlan an siehai chu a thlarau chun lo la pei dingin an ring a nih. Thi hnungah thlarau khawvel um dingin an ring a, chu chu Mithi Khuo an tih. Chu chu khaw laia um am ning a ta ti thuah an chieng nawh. Chung tieng vana um dinga ring pawl an um laiin, an tienami le thusim hrang hranga inthoka ei hmu dan chun hnuoi sunga um ni takin a’n lang. Grik-haiin ‘Hades’ an ti, Hebrai mihaiin ‘Sheol’ an ti leh hin an inang khop el.

Mithi Khuo hi hmun hni um dingin an ring a. Pakhat chu mithi khaw pangngai, mi naran umna a nih. Chu taka chun mihriem khawsak dan pangngai ang thoa khawsa dinga an ring laiin, iengkim chu a letling le a lem ni dingin an hril bok. A dang chu ‘Pielral’ a nih. Hi hmun ruok hi chu dam sunga mi neinung le thilthawtheihai umna, thangsuohai khawpui, sin thaw ta loa inhoi taka faisa ringa an khawsakna ni dingin an ring. In tieng le ram tienga thangsuohai chauh um theina a ni leiin, thangsuo ngei tumin an dam lai an bei hràm hrám hlak. Pielral hi nuhmei ta ding lem chun, thangsuo nuhmei ni ngot naw chun, lut thei lo hrim hrim a nih. Pipu khawvela inthoka thlir chun, ringtu mi tin ta dinga chatuon pielral lut theina kot hongtu Chanchin Thra hi nuhmei ta dingin a hlu zuol a nih.

Ei histawri chîk taka ei bi chun, ei kawl le kienga hnam threnkhat chu ‘lu la hnam’ ti hming put khopa lu inlak ching an um laiin, Hmar hnathlakhai hi lu la hnam an ni ngai naw a, sakhuona tieng awn le thle mi, thiempu le dawithiem hnama hril le hriet an lo ni lem. Hrangkhup le Thawnglaiin pahnam indo an ching suok leia phuba an inlakna thil le kum 1882 lai vela Buolpui lal Lienkham Sailo khaw mihai ramsuok le Manipur rama lut tah Hmar mi ramsuokhai an inkap leia iemani chen rawlrala an inbei laia Sailo lal Pawibawi pasalthra, Hrangchal pahnama mi Saizahawlin ama mihai lu a lak ti lo kha chu HPC Movement an tran hnunga lu lak an hung ching le thukhêl hmanga sum dawlna dinga mi threnkhatin lu la hnama an mi hril tihai hi hril ding um sunhai chu an ni el awm. Hlado dam hi hnam dang ta ei lo inlet le insam a ni chieng khop el. Dawi hla ruok chu hang bi chieng inla, a hung suokna chu Hmar hnathlakhai an nih ti inhmai ruol a ni nawh.

Chuleiin, ei Suotlang hluia inthoka Suotlang thara ei lut khan, ei hma khala hnuoi tienga inthoka mi lo domtu chun a hmatawngah mi siein, Mizorama kristien ni hmasa tak le Kraws Sipaihai laia rongbawlna nei zau tak, Manipur simthlang biela Chanchin Thra lutna kotsuo le Zo hnathlakhai laia khawvel pum huopa Baibul sema rongbawlna sin latu hmasa takah a mi sie a nih. Sienkhom ei mansapui bang hi mansapui triek le hmon tah, a sungah iengkhom um ta lo a lo ni pal chun poi hleng a tih.

(February 8, 2010; Delhi)

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