Hmar Customary Laws & Practices

Hnam dang dan thrahai la veng ei tiu,
An dan suol thîk loin.
- Lalkhum Keivom

Rural Women Upliftment Society (RWUS) le Women in Governance (WinG) huoihotin Hmar Customary Practices hriltlangna, anni trongkama, ‘interface meeting’ an ti chuh July 27, 2017 khan RWUS Training Hall, Churachandpur-ah an hmang a. Sinlung Academy of Letters (SAL) aiawa thrang dinga palai pahni hung tir dinga fielna, SAL Secretary kuoma e-mail a an thon chu a hung tlung charin telefawn-in a mi hung hril bakah hi chungchanga SAL ngaidan tlangpui hung ziek dingin a mi ngen a. A ‘Concept Paper’ khom hmu loa ziek el thei a ni naw thu le chu chu mi hung thon dingin ka hril a. A hung tlung chun a tuk ela inkhawm ding an ni tah leiin hmawsarumin, tawi te, bong rem rumin ka buotsai a, zan re hnungah ka thon hman chauh a. Chu lekha chu a hnuoia hin inchuong a nih.

Darkar hni sung chauha Hmar dan le hmang a ni dan thu chai tum chu a mithi vun khom paw phak harsa hle dingin ka ngai a. Hmar Hnam Dan ti hming ei inputtir, HYA sut, zing inhnawm malama buotsai le sut ni awm tak dam kha ei nei sun a ni mieu si leiin, nuomin nuom naw inla, ei lunghlu chei a trul a, sienkhom ei thlir non a ngai. A san chu Manipur sunga cheng, Hmar mi tlawmtehai chauh hmang hi State danga cheng po po aiawa ngira ngaina ei nei hlak lei a nih. Hi lungril hi thilthawna iengkimah bansan a hun tah. Entirnan, Mizoram sunga cheng, ADC pathumhai ti naw po huopa hmang ding dan thar an siem, kum 40 chuong zet an buoipui, Bung (Chapter) 12, Chang (Section) 193 chu MIZO HNAM DAN (MIZO CUSTOMARY LAW) tiin 2005 khan Sorkarin Mizoram State sunga hmang dingin a namnghet a. Chun, kha hmaa hnam dan hnuoia nuhmei ngirhmun inthawtna po poa ngai siemphuisuina le sukdetna dan thar, MIZO MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND INHERITANCE OF PROPERTY ACT 2014, chapter 8, Section 41 le Schedule-4 a sei chu 2014 khan Mizoram State Assembly chun a ram sunga tlangmi Zo hnathlakhai po po hmang dingin a pass bok a. Hmar mi Mizorama cheng po po khomin chuong danhai chu a nih an hmang.

Hieng hnam danhai hi zieka a hung luong suokna chu Chin Hills Regulation (1896) hmang a hung nia inthoka hnam dan hmang phalna a um hnung le Lushai Hills District Superintendent N.E.Parry (ICS) in hnam dan a lak khawm le lekhabua a sut A MONOGRAPH ON LUSHAI CUSTOMS & CEREMONIES, 1928 (Reprint 1976, 2009, Tribal Research Institute Aizawl, Mizoram) kha a nih. Hieng le seminar paper le lekhabu hrang hrang, abikin nuhmei chanvo thua inselna le ngaidan pholangna tam tak a suok ta a, chuonghai chu hnam dan ennonnaah rawn a thra ka ring. Zo hnathlak a tu hnam khom hi puon indelkil a, insie tum a, thlierkar hrana inngaina nei chu an tlum tiel tiel ding a nih. Hnam dan siemphuisui ei tumnaa khom chu hmathlir chu nei tlata hma ei lak ngai a tih. Tu khom mani thlierkar binga dam khawsuok thei ding ei um nawh.

Hmar hnathlak hnam hrang hrang 12 chuong, Linguistic Survey-a ‘Old Kukis’ ti hnuoia an khum hnam tin hin dan hrang hrang ei nei a, chuonghai chu la khawm a, codification thaw a, ei pom tlang thei dan tak zui a thra. India hmar sak, abikin State hrang hranga cheng Hmarhai hin mani chengna State sunga hnam dan hrang hrang hmang an phalna chitah hnam tinin ei customary laws ei hmang theina ding chun roreltuhai pompuina a ngai a. Sixth Schedule hnuoia Autonomous District Council tin chu an hnam dan humhalpek an ni laiin, Sixth Schedule puo tienga chenghai chu, a hrana pompekna dan siem a ni ngot naw chun, a ram roinrelna dan, India Danpui hnuoia tla vong ei nih. Ei ngirhmun hi bi chieng tum ei tiu.

Ei hnam dana bi chieng ngai tak chu innei, inthre, inmak, chawmna (alimony), nau chang le chang naw, rohluotu nina le ro chan insem thuah a nih. Mizo Marriage, Divorce and Inheritance of Property Act, 2014 hin nasa taka nuhmei chan a hung sukvawng leiin, hmang ve dinga lak lut thra ngot dingin ka ngai. Hieng danhai hi Mizoram State-a cheng Hmarhaiin an hmang tah si leiin, hmun dang cheng, a hmang phak ve lo Hmar danghai leh an chanvo a hung inthlau rup thei a nih. Ngaituo chîk a ngai. Ar khaw thim daia khawvel hi pal hun a nit a nawh.

RWUS huoihota July 27, 2017-a ‘interface meeting’ an nei truma SAL thu chelh tlangpui kan pek chu a hnuoia hin ka hung sie. (July 29, 2017 Saturday, Delhi)

HMAR DANA MINU NGIRHMUN
(Sinlung Academy of Letters thu chelh)

Pathienin mihriem hi pasal le minuin a siem a. Pasal chu pasal, minu chu minu. Inthlopa nupaa cheng hmunkhat le chi thla a, hnuoi hi hluo sip dinga ti an nih. Sienkhom mi thuhmun an ni nawh. Mi thuhmun dinga siem an ni naw a, intluk dinga siem an ni bok nawh. Siema an um san ve ve anga khawsa ding le minu chu minu-a siem a nina ang le pasal khom pasala siem a nina anga um dinga ruot a nih. Siema an um dan ve ve phur suok kha a Siemtu dit dan sukdikna a nih. Saptronga ‘gender equality’ an ti hi mihriema siem an nina ve ve le piengvo an rochung zalen tak an hmang theina ve ve baka suklien amanih sukchin, belh le pei, le puntir le sem tum chu thu him lo le sungkuo le khawtlang inrelbawlnaa siksawina ditum lo tak hringtu a ni thei.

Minu hi a hung puitling pha leh nuhmei ngirhmun chela chithlatu le sungkuo indintu dinga khuonu ruot a nih. Chu chu a thaw theina dinga a mamaw phuhruktu chu insunga lu tak, pasal a nih. An mawphurna an hlen suok theina ding chun inthuruol taka chan an insem thiem a ngai. An khawsakna leilung le an fakzongna khawvel zirin an chan insem dan khom a rĕl hlak. Tharum chauh hmanga dam khawsuok theina khawvela a hmatawnga ngir chu pasal a ni hlak. Hreipui le chemtum hmanga lo dinga ramhmangpui thriektu le do le ral le sapui sahrang laka ram le khuo veng himtu chu pasal a nih. In tieng enkol sin iengkim chu nuhmei chanah a tlu naw thei nawh. Nu chuh insung khawsakna kengkawtu, sungkuo indintu le hnam bulthrut remtu a nih. Hieng lei hin ram po po deuthaw hi ‘Mother-Land’ ti a ni el bakah trong po po lem hi chu ‘mother –tongue’ ti a hung ni vong hih. Minu hi a nina ding taka a ngir pha inpâk le chawimawi a hlaw naw thei nawh.

Hnam tinin ei chengna leilung le khawsak dan zirin inenkolna dan ei duong suok a, chu chu hma ei hung sawn dan ang peiin ei hung siem phuisui a. Sorkar nghet hnuoia ei hung lut hnung chun, a ram rorelna Danpui (Constitution) le a bebawm hrang hrang hnuoiah ei hung khawsa a, chu chun ei thu le hla hril loin a mi uop khum a. Sorkarin ei hnam dan a mi humpekhai khom damten a hung chim pil a. Chun, ei hnam dan chu a hnam bing sunga mihai chauh hmang tlak a hung ni tah leiin, fŭn khata khawvel khumna (globalized world) rama hin Danpui hmang chu thil thawna iengkimah a remchang tah lem naw maw? ti hih lungnona thrang loa ei don dinga ei hmaa zawna ngir chu a nih.

Hmar hnam dan hin minu ngirhmun a sie hnuoi am a chawi sang? Hnam Dan (Customary Laws) ei tihai hrim hrim hi a hun laia an tonhriet le inzoma thaw dan hmang thra tak ni dinga an hriet anga an lo duong, an khawvel inthlak danglam pei le inzûla an lo siem phuisui pei chu a nih. Kum 1891-92 laia British India-in Chin Hills, Mizoram le Manipur an hung lak hnung khan tlangmihai inopna ding bika duong Chin Hills Regulation, 1896 chu Mizoram le a se vela tlangmihai lai hmang ve dingin a hung ti leiin ei hnam danhai hi hmang theiin ei hung um a. India indang hnungin Sixth Schedule hnuoia Autonomous District Councils haiin an hung hmang zui pei a. Manipura tlangmihai chu Sixth Schedule hnuoia um ni naw inla khom, um angin an mi’n hmang zuitir pei a. Chuong chu a ni laiin, hnam hrang hrangin nuhmei ngirhmun ei sie dan a’n ang naw leiin, hnam danghai le inzoma Hmar hnam dan hmang hi thil hlawk le thaw chi a ni le ni naw ennon a ngai.

Chun, Hmar hnathlak, Old Kuki an tihai sunga rau rau khom hnam tum tumin dan ei nei a, chuonghai chu Hmar hnam dan ei ti hin a huop zo am? ti en fie a ngai bok. Chu khon khawm sin chu thaw dingin Research Committee amanih indina bawzui ngai a tih. Hi thil le inzom hin kum 2011 khan tuta Sinlung Academy of Letters (SAL) President le Secretary chun Cultural Mapping thawin Manipur phairuom le North Tripuraa Hmar hnathlak hnam iemani zat kanin, cheng nuoi chuong sengin, Preliminary Survey an thaw ta a, cheng crore 10-15 vel seng chun documentation thaw phuor thei ni dingin an ngai. Fumfe taka thaw ding chun, hnam tin laia mi, a thei chun mi thiem le chinchang hrie, tlawmngaia khon khawmtu ding vanlantiar nei a ngai.

Hmar sawsaiti hnuoiah, dannaranin, minuhai hi sir dè amanih ngaithà an ni ngai nawh. Thilthawna iengkim deuthaw-ah an thrang khap a ni bok nawh. Pasalin a nuhmei a mak thei ang bokin nuhmei khomin a pasal a mak thei. Chuonga zalenna insang nei chu sawsaiti dangah an tam nawh. A pasal a thi a, a nauhai a trŭl pei phot chun ro le thuneina po po a’n hlawm thei. Nuhmei man khom hi a rate an siem laia sum hlutna ngaituo chun a tam taluo hman a nih. Inkhatpain leiman kum khatah Rs. 3 pek harsa a ti laiin, nuhmei man sethum-seli (120-160) dam chu patlingin kum 40 sung a hlaw suok zo trawk a nih. Jakob chun Rachel hlaw dingin a pu Laban sin kum 7 a thaw a, eini rawi nuhmei man le hrilkhi chun ieng tina khom a ni nawh.

Minuin ri an suksiet rawnna tak chu innei, inmak le ro chan thu-ah a nih. Zo hnathlak hnam hrang hrang lai, abikin G Group hai lai nuhmei chan sie chanchin an hril hriet ding a tam. Hieng thil hi an invoi ang hrimin, kum 1974-a indin Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl (MHIP) chun nasa taka hma a lakna zarah, kha hmaa Mizo hnam dana an chan sietna po po inkhumtu dingin Mizoram Legislative Assembly chun November 2014 khan dan thar, THE MIZO MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND INHERITANCE OF PROPERTY ACT, 2014 a pass a. Hi hi Zoram khawvela cheng po poin enton taka ei hmang ding a ni leiin, hi chungthua hnam dan siem thrat rotna a um a ni khomin, hi Dan ngir lai enton amanih le hmang hi a him tak ring a um.

Chun, hnam dan hrim hrim ennon le siem phuisui tumna a um chun, kum sawmli chuong hiel ngun taka an chai hnunga MIZO HNAM DAN (MIZO CUSTOMARY LAW), kum 2005-a suok kha bi chieng thrang a tih.

(July 26, 2017; Delhi)

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