are terrorizing our grammatical way of life.
- Bauvard
Mi tam takin Hmar tronga thu an ziek phaa harsatna an tuok hlak le an thiem thei nawna san nia an hril ka hriet hlak chu thumal ziek inkop le inkop naw thuah a nih. Chu harsatna chu man chieng ding chun ei trong rurel (structure) hriet hmasa phot a ngai. Mitdel ruol sai hmu an hril anga mani hma tok toka a ni dinga hriet anga nor el chi a ni nawh, mu le mal nei trong a ni leiin. Chun, a rurel hriet chieng loa Saptrong grammar zuia Grammar siem el chi khom a ni bok nawh. Hmar trong grammar chu ei trong thlĕk dan le zaizira siem ding a nih.
Grammar le inzoma ruol uhai infuina kan dong hlak chu (1) Trong thiem ding chun Grammar thiem a ngai, ti le (2) Hmar trong inchuk thiemna dinga rawn le entona hmang dinga lekhabu thra tak chu Baibul a nih ti a nih. Hang ngaithlak vuot chun indik thlupa inlang, takrama hmang ding ruok chun thudik chenve ni si an nih. Trong inchuk hmasa phot a, thumal tam tak hriet hnunga umzie neia rem khawm dan inchukna chu Grammar ei ti hih a nih. Saptrong sentence khat khom ei hriet hmaa Grammar an mi lo inchuktir dam kha chuh turu deuh a nih. Eini laia Grammar thiema an hril, Saptrong sentence khat khom rem dik thei si lo, mi ka hmu rawn tah. Thu ei hril tum tak phok suok theia chienga thumal ei rem khawm thei chun grammar dan hre der naw inla khom grammar ei thiem tina a nih. Grammar chu a hmangtuhai hmang dan zuiin a hung inthlak pei a nih.
Pahnina, Hmar trong inchuk thiemna dinga BSI sut Hmar Baibul entona hmang dinga an mi lo infui kha, ei lungmawl dan enin, indikna chin um sien khom, literechar tling, trong hmang dan le thu le hla ziek dan kalhmang indik lem standat hmangtuhai leh ei hang bukkhi chun ei Hmar trong hmang le thumal ei rem khawm dan khan baksamna a lo hau ĕm êm a. Chîk taka sui chun, a mimir deuthawin Hmar trong ei thiem nawna san le thu le hla ei hril le zieka hai trongkam indik lo a luong lut hi a kaikuongpa chu ei Baibul hmang a ni naw thei nawh. Chuong ang Hmar trong chu hmang dinga infui ei ni tlat a! Hi thu ei hril hin Pathien thu ei lepse ni loin a hrilna hmangruoa ei hmangin duthu a sam naw thu ei hril lem a nih.
Trong rurel
Hmar trong hi mongoloid hnam hrang hrang trong anga mal tin umzie nei (monosyllabic) le lam dan zira thumal inang khom kawk hrang hrang nei (phonetic) trong a nih. Ei trong bul (root words) po po khom rihlawm khat vong a nih. Entirnan, kut, ke, bân, rîng, lu, mit, sam, sa, va, nga, ran, thing, ruo, hlo, mei, tui, fâng, bu, mîm, bâl, lung, pil le a dg dg. Chu taka inthok chun trong mal hrang hrang, a thren rihlawm hni, a thren a neka tam ei hung siem suok a, monosyllabic-a inthokin polysyllabic tieng ei lut tiel tiel a nih. Entirnan, ‘sa’ ti thumala inthokin sakei, sazuk, sakhi, sakeibaknei, sabengtung, sanghawngsei, sapheimanli le a dang dang a hung suok a. Chuong thumal khat (monosyllabic) a inthoka thumal iemani zat zom khawma siem chu a nih polysyllabic an ti chuh. Indo-Europeon trong hi polysyllabic language a nih. Hindi khom.
A danglamna ruok chu, monosyllabic language chu polysyllabic form-in siem inla khom monosyllabic a nina a sukbo chuong nawh. A tlangpuiin, eini tronga polysyllable ei hung siem dan le European amanih Vai trong amanih insiem dan khom a danglam. Anni tronga ri hrang hrang an keikop, thumal pakhata insiem, entirnan certificate, examination, civilization, scholarship etc a lam tin hin kawk le umzie a nei naw a, eini trong ruok chun polysyllabic-a ei inchangtir hnung khomin monosyllabic zie a la put zing. Chuleiin, Zo hnathlak trong hrim hrim ei ziek phaa Golden Rule 1 chu, thumal tin a hranga ziek ding a nih.
Golden Rule 2 chu, thumal kei kopa thu mal dang ei siem kha ziek kop loa umzie hrang a kawk ding a ni chun ziek kop chauh ding a nih. Entirnan, santĕn, sungkhaw, khawsik, hmusit, endong, entleu, ningkhong, hoihawm, zakmaw, zawlnei, ngilnei, theichang, fanghma, vaimim, butun, tuthlaw, hreipui, hreite, suodur, liengko tihai hi ziek kop loa ei thre hrang chun an umzie a danglam ding a ni leiin, chuong thumalhai chu ziek kop ngei ngei ding a nih. Thumal threnkhat, entirnan hawrop, chawhnung, chawhma le a dang dang chu ziek kop loa umzie nei der lo an nih. Chun, mal tina umzie nei khom hminga ei siem chun ziek kop ngei ngei ding: Lalpiengfel (Noun+verb+adverbial adjective), Sakeibaknei (common noun + noun +verb), zieklobu (verb+adverb+noun), lunglekha (noun+noun). ‘Entirnan’ ti khom hi lak tawi a na, ‘Inentirna dingin’ tina a nih. ‘Sienkhom’ ti hi ‘nisienlakhom’ lamtawi a ni a, hi thumal tlukpui deuthawa ei hmang ‘amiruokchu’ ti thumala ruok chun lamtawi ei hmang ngai nawh.
Ieng leiin am? Chu tak chu a nih sui suok trŭl chuh. Ieng leia ei tronga consonant ‘h & t’ hawrop pahnihai chauh hi consonant dang ‘r’ leh inkopa thumal siemnaa hmang thei a ni’m a na? Ieng leia ‘hr’ inkop ri aiawtu dinga hawrop pakhat chauh siem si loa ‘tr’ aiawtu dinga ‘t’ hnuoia sunhang insut ‘ṭ’ indik lo taka an mi lo hmangpui hi lunghlu tlang sawna chel rûn ei tum zing am a na? Hi hi ei trong rurel la hre chieng lohai buoina bul le an ha rawt tamna tak a nih. ‘Ṭ/ṭ’ ti-a ei hmang hi ri pahni ‘t+r’ inkop a nizie le hawrop pakhat hnuoia sunhang sutin a ai a aw thei naw thu linguistic expert tu khom indon la, hril an ti che. ‘Thr’ ri pathum inkop aia ‘Ṭhiek, Ṭhalai’ ti ei hmang dam lem hi chuh hril la, hmang thei a ni naw leiin, invêt bilingah ngai an ti che. ‘Awk tah laileng’ pawlisi hmang tum tlut hi hnam varhai nungchang a ni nawh. Sienkhom lulul insuo pawl, damna dinga Mosie siem ‘dar-rûl’ en nuom dĕr lo, ei um.
Ziek kop le ziek kop lo ding thua ei buoina khom hi a san bulpui tak chu ei trong rurel ei hriet chieng tawk naw bakah trong hi ni tina inthrang le hmang tlak lema insiem tung pei a nizie ei man chieng naw lei a nih. Belhemtuin pilpoka inthoka bêl a hem anga ei trong hi insiem tung mek, inhek le inher tlem tluma ei la soisak a ni a; hang inchuk thiemna dinga besan tlak lekhabu thra ei la nei naw tluk a ni leiin ziek kop le ziek kop lo ding thua ngaidan khom a la khuongruol nawh. Chun, ei thu ziek dan kalhmang zirin hmun khata ziek zom kha hmun danga ei sentence siem dungzuiin ziek zom a remchang naw thei bok. Tuta ei hung thur suok hi ei trong rurel tlangpui (basic structure) fe dan dungzuia duong a nih.
ZIEK KOP LE KOP LO DING
Causative Agents: Ziek kop ding
Ei tronga thumal, thilthawtu hmangruoa thrang (causative agent), thumal dang hmaa bet (prefix) le a hnunga bet/kop (suffix) laia ei hmang rawn tak chu “pek, pui, san, suk, tir” tihai hi an ni tlangpui. Thil inthawtirtu le inumtirtu hmangruo, Causative agent-a ei hmang pha chu, entirnan, “suk” hi a zuitu thumal leh ziek kop ngei ngei ding a nih. Hienga ei hmang pha chun adjective amanih intransitive verb amani kha transitive verb-in ei inchangtir hlak a nih. Entirnan, sukdik, suksiet, suklawm, sukhlim, sukhmang, sukbo, sukhrat, sukhnûk, sukhmasawn, sukkhawlo, sukhmelhem, suklungngai, sukmangang, sukbahla, sukhmingsiet, sukhmingthrat le a dang dang.
Hieng ang bok hin Golden Rule dang nawk chu ‘pek, pui, san, tir’ ti hai hi causative agent-a ei hmang pha leh a hmaa thumal leh ziek kop ngei ngei ding a nih. Entirnan, thawpek, lawmpek, hrilpek, inchawkpek, inkhawmpek, ninginnuorpek, thawpui, lawmpui, hrilpui, lungngaipui, hmingsietpui, inchawkpui, iniempui, inthuruolpui, lungsenpui, inhmûrpui, ninginnuorpui, thawsan, lawmsan, hrilsan, fesan, bansan, infetir, inthawtir, inhmutir, inhriltir, inngaizawngtir le a dang dang. Compound noun siemna dingah ‘pui’ ti hi a hmaa thumal leh ziek kop bok ding a nih: nupui, papui, chipui, pawlpui, mipui, suopui.
Amiruokchu, verb (intransitive)-a hmang a ni pha pha a hrana ziek ding a nih: Sikul kai dingin a tir; Trongtrainan a mi san. Entirnan, ‘Suk’ ti hi verb (intransitive) a ei hmang pha chu bu suk, thei suk (to pounce) amanih lu suk (to nod) a kawk a. ‘Bu a suk a, a sukchip vong’ ka ti chun, a hmasa suk hi intransitive verb a ni a, a nuhnunga ‘suk’ ruok hi chu causative agent-a hmang a ni leiin a hmaa thu mal leh ziek kop ding a nih. Hi hi ei trong structure um dan a ni leiin, hi Golden Rule hi ei bawsiet vai chun patzai inchin angin thre thrawp thei loin a hung um a, a buoi vong el a nih.
Voi, Tieng, Zawng, Mi, Naw/Lo, khom etc
‘Voi’ ti le thumal dang ziek kop thuah ei buoi niin an lang. ‘Voi’ le nambar tiemna hi mi tam lemin ei ziek kop a (voikhat, voihni, voithum), ziek kop lo ding a nih: Voi za a voi. Amiruokchu, voituk, voisun, voizan tihai ruok chu ziek kop ding a ni thung, ni khata hun threna bik chauh hrilna a ni leiin. Threnkhatin ‘voisun ni’ tia ‘ni’ belsa an ching hi trong chuong a nih. Amiruokchu, ‘ni’ ei bel chun ei ni hril kha ieng ni am a nih ti hril fiena a ni leiin “Voisun ni hi ni thumna a ni tah” ti thei a ni a, sienkhom ‘ni’ belsa lo khomin a chieng tawk tho.
‘Tieng’ ti hi ‘direction’ hriltu a ni leiin a hmaa thumal leh ziek kop lo ding a nih: Zing tieng, zan tieng, chang tieng, voi tieng, hma tieng, hnung tieng, in tieng, ram tieng, fe tieng, hung tieng, sak tieng, thlang tieng, sim tieng, hmar tieng le a dang dang. Voisun/tuk/zan ti ei ziek kop ang bokin a thren chun ‘zingtieng, zantieng’ ti an ziek kop a, chuong ang bokin ‘changtieng, voitieng’ ti khom. A hmasa hi noun form-a hmng ni leiin ngaidam thei a na, a nuhnung ruok hi chu ziek kop lo a thra.
‘Zawng’ ti hih dannaranin noun-a thumal pakhata ei hmang pha ‘ngaizawng, lawmzawng’ tiin ei ziek kop hlak a, amiruokchu ‘thiem zawng, felna zawng, chemkalna zawng, inhnik zawng, theina zawng, huor zawng, dit zawng, inthuk zawng, sei zawng, insang zawng’ tihai ruok hi chu ei ziek zom ngai nawh. A umzie a sukdanglam ding an naw phot chun ziek zom lo a thra.
‘Mi’ le a zuitu thumal ziek kop thuah noun a ni chun ziek kop a, adjective-in a zui ruok chun a hrana ziek a thra: mihriem, mipui, minu, mikhuol, mingo, midum, milim, milem, mikhuol, mipui (noun); mi fel, mi hnang, mi invet, mi intlaw, mi thienghlim, mi thra, mi var, mi thiem, mi mawl, mi changkang, mi puitling, mi hnuoihnung, mi tawrot, mi borsawm, mi hrisel, mi lien, mi chin le a dang dang. Amiruokchu, noun form-a ei hmang ding pha ‘mithiem (lekhathiem), mimawl’ tia ziek kop thei a nih.
‘Naw’ le ‘lo’ hi thuhmuna ngai ni sien khom a hmangna inang lo a tam. ‘Mi tlaktlai lo, bengvar lo, mi hmang lo a nih’ tia ‘lo’ hi ‘naw’-in thlak ta inla chu a sentence a kim thei tlat nawh. ‘Mi tlaktlai naw, bengvar naw, mi hmang lo chu sungkaw ta dingin trangkaina a nei nawh’ tia a sentence suksei a ngai. Khing tieng panga chun, ‘ringtu’ ni lo chu ‘ringnawtu’ ei ti a, ringlotu ei ti ngai nawh. ‘Naw, lo’ hi noun siemna ‘na’ tiin a zui si naw thumal dang le ziek kop lo a thra: mi fel lo, thil inthieng lo/naw, chinchang hre lo/naw, mi chakvak lo/naw; fel nawna, inthieng nawna, hrisel nawna, insûm nawna. Chun, thumal threnkhat, noun form-a ei ziek phaa ziek kop, entirnan ‘thilthawtheina’ ti dam hi negative form a ei hmang ding chun a hran deu vonga ‘thil a thaw thei nawh’ tia ziek a ngai nawk tlat a nih. Amiruokchu, ‘thilthaw’ hi noun-a hmang a ni pha ziek kop a, verb-a hmang a ni pha ziek kop lo ding a nih.
“Khom” ti hi thuhnungbeta a thrang pha leh mi tam takin ei ziek kop hlak a, entirnan, tukhom, nangkhom, iengkhom le a dg dg. Amiruokchu ziek kop ding a nih: tu khom, nang khom, ama khom, ieng khom. ‘Sienkhom’ tia ruok chu thumal pakhat ‘nisienlakhom’ ti lamtawi a ni leiin ziek zom ding a nih.
“Tin” ti hih adjective, plural siemnaa hmang a ni a, a hmaa thumal leh mi tam takin an ziek kop hlak a, sienkhom ziek kop ngai lo ding a nih. Entirnan, mi tin, hnam tin, chi tin, trong tin, ni tin, kar tin, thla tin, kum tin le a dg dg. Amiruokchu, thuhmabet (prefix) a a thrang pha chun ziek kop ding a nih: tinrêng, tinkim, tinthang. ‘Tinkim’ ti hih hla trongkam a ni a, ‘iengkim’ tina a nih. ‘Tinkim dawn’ chu a kip a kawia thil ngaituo, kil le kap ngaituo, sei tak le hla tak ngaituo, ngaituo kim tina a nih. ‘Tinthang’ ti khom hi hla trongkam, a thra tienga inthang nasa, hmingthang (renown, famous) tina a nih. Chun, kotsuoa mi tin innghak khawmna hmun hi ‘tinhmun’ ti a ni a, ziek kop ding a nih.
‘Tak’ (adj) le ‘takin” (adv) hi threnkhatin suffix le prefix ah an ziek kop hlak a, ziek kop lo vong ding a nih. Khaikhinna trongkam, entirnan thra (good), thra lem (better), thra tak (best) tihai hi an ziek kop hlak a, ziek kop lo ding a nih. Thuhmabet (prefix) ngirhmun a hluo pha leh a threnin an ziek kop hlak a (takzet, takmeuh, takngiel), sienkhom a dan taka chuh ziek kop lo ding a nih. Amiruokchu, tekhi le hrilkhi thei ding um lo Pathien hrilnaa chuh ‘tak’ ti hi ziek kop ding a nih: Chunghnungtak, Ropuitak, Laltak.
‘Takin’ hi adverb a ni a, thuhnungbet (suffix) a hmang a ni pha a hmaa thumal leh ziek kop lo ding a nih: fel takin, chieng takin, thra takin, remchang takin, taima takin, lunginsiet takin, lawm takin, fel lo takin, hmasiel takin, inhmaw takin, inrang takin le a dg dg.
Tronglamkei
Thumal pahni pathum kei kopa siem tronglamkei (idioms & phrases) ziek zom le ziek naw thuah hmang dan a’n ruol bok nawh. ‘A’ a intran rêng rêng chu ziek kop lo a thra: a biling a balang, a chin a lien, a pui a chal, a suk a tung, a dung a khang, a kop a kim, a kûl a tâi, a hring a hro, a mik a mak, a rûk a ràl, a sûr a sä, a tar a zûr, a thren a zar, a tum a tlang, a tûr a hrâng, a thra a sie, a thlum a al, an hnik an phak, a thu a hla, a zie a zang, a Zo a Vai, etc. Chun, thumal iemani zat kei kopa siem a ni chun a tawpa ‘verb’ kha a hrana ziek a thra: zum le zuor intuo, lungawp inkai, hming se van ur, lung se van kai, tu mong ben, tuizâng khauh, tuisam pût’ le a dang dang.
Noun
Saptrongin ei ngaituona a thruoi leiin Saptronga thumal khat chu eini trong khoma thu mal khat boka sie tumna a lien a. Proper noun a ni chun ziek kop ding a ni hrim: sakeibaknei, sabengtung, sanghawngsei, thingremhlasakthei (gramophone). Amiruokchu, chu chu a ni lai zingin, trong thar ei siemhai rêng rêng, a ngiel a ngana ei inletna thingremhlasakthei, khawlthluoknei (computer) ti kuol duot dam hi ei trong fe hmang a ni naw bakah a mawi naw a, hming tawite ei phuok thei a ni si naw chun hnam dang trong haw a, eini trong awphawia ziek el lem ding a nih. Chu thila khom chun ngai dan a khuongruol nawh. Saptrong mal ei hmanghai chu an ziek dan anga ziek ve dit pawl an um. Sienkhom, ei A AW B awphawia ei trong hi ziek a ni si leiin, A B C thluk hmanga a thren ei ziek chun ei sukchingpen a nih. Khawvel hmun hrang hranga mihaiin hnam dang trong an lak luthai chu dannaranin an trong awphawiin an ziek hlak.
Chun, trong thar tamtak ei ser, a thren chu verb le adverb inkopa noun ei siem a um a. Entirnan, ‘piengthar’ (pieng+thar) hi thumal khatah ei hmang a, ei hmang rim hle bakah noun, adjective, verb in ei hmang bok a: Piengthar po hung ro (noun); Thanga chu mi piengthar a nih (adjective); Thanga a piengthar (verb). Chu chu a ni lai zingin hi thumal letling chu ‘pieng hlui’ ding ni awm tak a na, sienkhom chuong ang chu trong a um naw leiin a aiin ‘piengthar lo’ ti ei hmang a, chu chu ziek kop lo ding a nih.
Tak, Takin, Takah
Khaikhinna (Superlative) leh Adverb a thumal hmang a ni pha ‘tak’ amanih ‘takin, takah’ ti ei bel hlak a. Khaikhinna –Positive ‘thra’, Comparative ‘thra lem’, Superlative ‘thra tak’- tia lem le thra hi a hmaa thumal leh ziek kop ding a ni nawh. Amiruokchu, verb thilthaw hrilfietu adverb a ni pha leh ‘takin’ ti le a hmaa a thu mal a hril fie kha, Saptrong thleka fe chuh ni sien, hlimtakin, ropuitakin, nasatakin tihai hi ziek kop ding ni awm tak a ni laiin, ei trong kalphunga chuh ziek kop lo ding a nih. Chun, “Mipui tamtak an hung” ti hin kawk pahnih a nei thei a. Pakhat chu, mipui kha pawl hrang hrangin an inthre a, chuonghai laia tam tak chu an hung ti a kawk thei a; pahninaa chun mi tamzie a hrilna a ni thei. An tamzie khaikhinna a ni naw leiin, Saptronga ‘many’ anga ngai chun ziek kop ding ni awm tak a nih. Chun, ‘Tamtak chun an thratpui’ tia tamtak khom hi pronoun a ni leiin ziek kop ding ni awm tak a nih. Amiruokchu, Golden Rule 1 anga ei fepui ding chun a hrana ziek ding a nih. Pathien amanih lal amanih nina insang hrilnaa ruok chu ‘title’ anga a fe leiin ‘Chunghnungtak, Laltak, Ropuitak’ tia ziek kop ding a nih.
Dan, Zie, Na, Um
A hmaa thumal le ziek kop le ziek kop lo ding thua buoina rop chu ‘dan, zie le na’ tihai hi an nih. Hienghai hi kawk inang vong anga ngai thei, sienkhom danglam hret hret vong an nih, Entirnan, ‘A ropui dan chu, mit ngeia a ropuina hmutuhai chauin a ropuizie hre thei an tih’ (Only those who have seen with their own eyes the grandeur of his majesty could fathom his greatness) ei ti chun an kawk tak a’n ang naw thret vong a, Saptronga inlet lem chun danglam tak a nih. ‘Kan hnam dan le nun dan danglamzie hre fie ding chun a danglamna bikhai bi chieng hmasa phot a ngai’ (To understand the uniqueness of our customary laws, one must first study its peculiar characteristics) ti dai a tih.
‘Dan’ ti hi a hmaa thumal leh an ziek kop ngai nawh: chêt dan, chang dan, ching dan, thaw dan, um dan, khawsak dan, nun dan. ‘Zie’ le ‘na’ ruok chu adjective-a inthoka noun siemnaah an ziek kop (suffix) hlak: felzie, thratzie, thienghlimzie, mawizie, felna, thratna, thienghlimna, mawina. Mi+zie (character) khom ziek kop ding a nih. Ei ziek kop naw chun mi dang zie (characteristic) hrilna a kawk daih a nih: Mi zie i hriet naw em el! ‘A va zie naw ngei de! Ama hi chu a ziezâng naw deu a nih’ tia hin ‘zie-zang’ ti hi ziek kop ding a nih. ‘Ama ruok hi chu a zie um’ tia hin ‘zie um’ ti hi ziek inkop ding ning a ti? ‘Ama ruok hi chu a lawmum’ tia hin ei ziek kop hlak si chun ‘zie-um’ chu ziek kop ding ni awm tak a nih. Chuong a ni si naw chun a sentence insiem dan thlak a, ‘Ama ruok hi chu a zie a um, Ama ruok hi chu lawm a um’ tia ziek ding a ni lem. A buoithlakna chu, ‘lawmum’ chu vowel intlar zom a um naw leiin tiem suol a um thei naw a, ‘zieum’ ti ruok chu vowel pathum intlar zawn a ni leiin ‘zie-um’ tia hyphen hmanga ei ziek naw chun tiem suol thei a nih. Hieng ang vowel intlar zomna thumal hi tiem suol a ol leiin, haifen (hyphen) sie a thra. Entirnan, sathu-ûm, tri-um, theida-um.
Ta dingin/Tadingin
Hi thumal pahni ‘ta+dingin’ ti hi ziek kop le kop naw thuah hmang dan an ruol naw hle. A threnin an ziek kop a, a threnin an ziek hrang a. Lusei tronga chu ‘ta + turin’ ti hi ‘ta’ khan a hnunga hawrop ‘n’ la kopin ‘tan’ tiin, apostrophe khom sie loin thumal pakhatah an hmang a. Hmar tronga ruok chun ‘ta+dingin’ tia hin a tawpa ‘n’ lak vea thumal pakhata siem loin arêngin ei la lam kher kher leiin ziek zom le zom naw ding thuah ngaidan an phîr a. Saptronga ‘for’ tina a ni leiin, Saptrong zula ziek nuomtuhai chun ziek kop lo thra dingin an ngai a. Chuong zawnga ngai naw po chun an ziek kop.
‘Ta’ le ‘ding’ ti hi ei hmang kop dan zirin sentence umzie a sukdanglam dai thei a. ‘Ka ta ding ka ti zing laiin an mi lakpek a’ ti le ‘Ka ta ka ti ding hlak chun an mi lakpek bok si’ ti hi a umzie an dang daih. A hmaa sentence-a hin a ta angin a la hau naw a, a nuhnunga ruok hin chu a taa a chei der tah hnung, sienkhom thuneina a nei si naw thu, statement of doubt & uncertainty a nih. A umzie sukdanglamtu chu ‘ding’ a nih.
Hmasawnna Thar (Feb 17, 2012) chun electric mumal naw leia mipuiin an tuor nasatzie a ziek a, Editorial thupuia a hmang chu “Mirethei le riengvaihai ta dingin harsatna a suk zuolkai bik” ti a nih. Hi taka ‘ta dingin’ ti an hmang hi ngaituo tham a nih, a zuitu superlative degree dawbola an hmang thu chu thu dang ni sien. “Retheihai harsatna sukzuoltu” ti inla, a fûk lem el thei.
Chu neka inril lema ei bi chun, ‘ta dingin’ ti hi thil buoithlak tak el a na, a hmang nawna ding chena khom ei hmang tah niin an lang. Filipi 1:21 a chun “Ka ta ding chun hring hi Krista a ni si a, thi khom hlawkna a nih” tiin ei inlet a. Hitaka ‘ta’ hi a buoithlak ngot el. ‘Ka ngaidan chun’ ti a kawk khom a hoi. Lusei trongin a ngiel a nganin inlet inla chu, “Ka ta tur chuan nun hi Krista a ni si a” ti ning a ta, nal naw kher a tih. Kristaa hring ta zing si a, ‘ka ta ding chun’ tia la nei lo anga ‘ta ding’ anga inhril tlat chu thil buoithlak tak a nih. “Kristaa hring ka ni si a” ti amanih, ‘Kei chu Kristaa hring ka ni si a, ka thi leh ka hlawk deu deu ding’ ti inla chu a kap fuk lem el thei. Chiengna kotsuo tlung tahai chun, “Isu ka ta ding ka hriet chieng tah” ti loin “Lal Isu ka ta ka hriet chieng tah” an ti lem a nih.
Dingin
1 Korinth 11:24 a chun, “Hi hi ka taksa, in aia pek ding chu a nih, in mi hriet zingna dingin hi hi thaw hlak ro” (BSI, BFW) ti a um a, chu chu sakramen ei kil zata ei pastor-hai thu insam hlak a nih. Hi taka “in aia pek ding” ti le “in mi hriet zingna dingin” ti thu pahni hi khaw laia inthoka an lak am a ni ding, English text ka hmu phak china chuh a um ve der naw chu tie! “In ta ding” ti le “in mi hriet zingna sikin” ti a ni vong. A taksa le a thisen an ta dinga inhlan chu ama ringtu le a hnung zuituhaiin a thi hnung khoma theinghil loa, an hriet zingzie inentirnaa bei fa le uoiin dawn tlang a, sakramen hun serh hmang hlak dinga Isu thu incha a nih. Ama ei hriet zingna dinga ei thaw a ni chun, ei thaw naw charin ei hriet ta nawh tina ning a ta, sun le zan chawl loa ei thaw ngai a ta, buoithlak hleng a tih. DV-ah “Hi hi ka taksa, inta ding chu a nih, in mi hriet zingna sikin hieng ang hin thaw hlak ro” tia Isu thu incha anga sie a ni tah.
Nachâng hriet
Lekha ei ziek changa ziek zom lo ding ei ziek zom rawn pawl tak chu ‘nachang’ tia ‘na’ po hi a hmaa thumal le ei ziek kop hlak hi a nih. Bengali trong fe thlenga Meiteihaiin an tronga Sanskrit zierang an lak lut leia an trong suok taphot deuthaw ‘ba’ le ‘na’ a an suktawp ang deuh hin, eini khom King James Version (KJV) Baibul thleka ei trong ei inthlektir hnungin ‘na’ ti hi a hmang nawna dinga khom ei bel trawk trawk a, ‘na’ panserin ei sentence tin deuthaw hi râng trukin hieng ang hin hin ei inbawmtir a: “Fena chang, inlawina chang, bufakna chang, trongtraina chang, sinthawna chang, ruol pawlna chang, lawmna chang etc a hriet nawh” tiin ‘nachang’ ei va kei thre a, a hmaa verb le thlung kopin noun-in ei siem a, ei thaw suol a nih ti khom ei hriet naw tlangpui. “Fe nachang, inlawi nachang, bufak nachang, trongtrai nachang, sinthaw nachang, ruol pawl nachang, lawm nachang a hriet nawh” ti-a ziek lem ding a nih.
‘Nachang hriet’chu thil kalhmang hriet, lungvar nei, chinchang hriet, thaw ding awm le awm lo le a hun le hmun hriet (to have the sense, common sense, gumption, intelligence, instinct, reasoning faculty, sense of awareness, wit etc) a nih. Thiemna thil tum pakhat chu mihriema nachang hrietna sukpung le inhmang trangkaitir a nih.
(January 28, 2015, Delhi; Extract of Trong Hmang Dik-Lesson 8 updated; April 1, 2019)
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