those who are eunuch by nature, moreover the crushed
and the pounded, as well as any other kind of eunuch”
- Roman jurist Ulpian (Lex Julia et Papia)
July 20, 2008 chawhnung dar 3.30-5.30 inkara Hmar Christian Fellowship, Delhi inkhawmah Sunday School ka thruoi a. Kan inchuk ding po chu Genesis 37, 38 & 39, châng 89 a sei a ni a. Sienkhom, minit 45 chauh hun kan nei leiin, Bung 39-a Josefa le Potifar nuhmei chanchin lem chu tlan malama Jona tlanginsam ang tluk khomin kan hril hman ta naw a. Inkhawm trina kan thaw dan pangngaiin Kawllienthang in tieng kan pan a. Thingpui kan dawn lai chun Potifar kha mi tilre ni dinga ngai a ni thu le a nuhmeiin Josefa a ban lom lom el khom kha thil awm tak a ni thu ka hril a. Haulientlingin, “Mi tilrè an tihai hi ieng ang chie am an ni takluo lie?” tiin a mi’n don a. Ka zuk ngaituo luo chun, a umzie tak hre lo le hrea inngaihai khom hre chieng lo ei um ka ring leiin, hi artikul dangdai tak el hi ka ziek a nih.
Sertan (circumcision)
Sertan (circumcision) le til làk (castration) hi thil thuhmuna ngai le hre hrang lo ei tam ka ring. Hieng ang thu hi pulpita inthok lem chun hril thieng lo deuthawa ngaina a um leiin ei hril ngai naw hrim a, ei hriet naw a ni khomin inthiem ei um khop el. ‘Sertan’ ei ti hi ei lo hmang laklaw tah leiin indik hlel deu sien khom ei hmang zui tah pei a. Lusei tronga Baibul inlet hmasa taka chun ‘sertan’ ti trongkam hi an la ser hman naw leiin ‘peritem’ ti an hmang phot a, an ennon nawkin ‘zangtan’ tiin 1907 suta chun an thlak a, chu chu a hnung daiah ‘sertan’ tiin an hung thlak nawk a, ei hmang song tah a nih. Sienkhom, ser an tan hin a ser tak tan loin a ser tuomtu a vun hmawr chauh a nih an tan hlak. Chu chu thil hrisela ngai a nih.
Khawtrotrima inthokin sertan hi an lo thaw ngei a nih ti tu chena sulhnung hmu thei hmasa tak chu BC 2345-2181 laia Aigupta lal Farawhai thlàn lunga ser an tan lai lim an ziek le hmon hmang thei lo dinga an ruong an siem (mummies) haia inthokin a nih. Genesis 17:10-14 a chun Pathienin Abraham kuomah, “Nang le i thlahai peiin ka thuthlung in zawm ding chu hi hi a nih: nangni laia pasal taphot chun ser in intantir ding a nih. Ser in tan chu nangma le keima inkara thuthlung inchikna ning a tih. I thlahai taphotin an pienga inthoka ni rietnaah ser an intantir ding a nih… chuong ang chun ka thuthlung chu kumkhaw thuthlung dingin in taksaah put tang in tih. Chun, nangni laia ser tan lo an um hrim hrim chun ka thuthlung an bawsiet leiin nangni laia inthokin hnawl hmang ro” tiin thu khauh tak a pêk a nih.
Islam sakhuo zuitu Muslimhai khomin an sakhuo lekhabu Koran-ah sertan thu hi hril naw sien khom Abraham le a naupa Ismael kuoma Pathien thuthlung a ni leiin khauh takin an zawm tlat a nih. Kristienhai, abikin European-hai chun sertan hi thaw lo ding thilah an ngai a, kum 1442 khan Pope-in kristien tu khoma thaw lo dingin thu a’n suo hiel a nih. Chuong chu a ni laiin, Africa le Oriental Orthodox Church hai chun sertan hi thaw dan hmangah an nei ve thung. Kum 1945-a USA opna hnuoia South Korea sie a ni hma khan sertan hi an thaw hriet a ni naw a, sienkhom Amerikan-haiin an sukhmu leiin tu ruok hin chu Korea-a pasal zaa sawmkuo (90%) velin ser an tan tah thung a nih. WHO rikawt ang chun, khawvela pasal 30% velin ser an tan a, chuonghai laia tam tak chu Muslim an nih. Muslimhai chun Abrahamin a naupa Ismael a thawpui dan ang takin kum 13 an tlingin an nauhai ser an intantir a, nasa taka ruoi threin lawmna an siem a, puitlingah an lak lut a, nuhmei khom an nei a thieng tah a nih.
Middle East-a chêng hnamhai chun dannaranin sertan hi thaw danah an lo nei hrim hrim a nih. Zawlnei Jeremia lekhabua chun Israel hai, Edom mi hai, Amon mi hai le Moab mihai hi sertan thaw hlak an ni thu a hril a. B.C pangana laia lekha ziektu Herodotus chun Kolkia hai, Ethiopia mi hai, Foiniki mi hai le Suria mihai khom sertan hlak mi an ni thu a ziek. Alfred J. Kolatach lekhabu The Jewish Book of Why (1981) a chun, “Tiena tlanga inthok tah khan British lal sungkuoa pasalhai chun ser an tan a ngai” tiin a ziek.
Til lak (Castration)
Mihriem chanchin zieka rikawt a ni hma khomin til lak hi an lo thaw tah hlak hrim a nih.
Til lak dan chi thum a um: (1) Ser bawr po po at thlak vong a, inzunna kuo ding chauh siem. (2) Naupang a puitling hmaa a tilmu pahnih at thlak a, pasal thei lo le chi thla thei loa siem. (3) Puitling hnunga tilmu lak, suksiet le sukkoi a, a chi a fena lampui kharpek a, pasal thei sia chi insuo ding ruok chu nei loa siem. Chuong anga til an lakpek le sukkoipek hai chu ‘mi tilrè’ tiin ei ko.
Africa, China, Europe, India le Middle East –a cheng hnam threnkhathai chanchin ei tiem chun sakhuo le thil dang dang leiin til lak hi an lo thaw hlak. Chuonghai chu mi tilre (eunuch) an tihai hi an nih. Tien lai lal ina sinthawtu mi lien le mi hnuoihnunghai chen khom kha dannaranin mi tilre an nih. Lal hmeihai sie khawmna in, harem enkoltuhai lem kha chu mi tilre an ni ngei ngei hlak. Lal Ahasuer (Lal Zarzia) ina a nuhmeihai vengtu dinga a siehai kha mi tilre vong an ni a, Lalnu Esther lo ditsaktu Hegai kha mi tilrehai hotu tak a nih. Nebukadnezzar hnuoia thok Juda tlangval Daniel (Beltesazar), Hanania (Sadrak), Misael (Mesak) le Azaria (Abednago) hai khom kha mi tilrea siem vong ni dingin mi thiemhai chun an ring. Chuong ang bokin Faraw hnuoia thoktu lien Potifar le mi lien danghai khom kha mi tilrè an nih. Hienghai hin chi thla an nei ti rikawt a um nawh. Josefa ruok kha chu hnam dang mi, Aigupta rama Faraw Prime Minister dinga Pathienin danglam taka a hlangkai a ni leiin mi tilrè a ni ve naw a, nau pasal pahnih Manase le Efraim a nei thu le an pahni chun Israel hnam thlatu bul laia tiem sa an ni thu chieng taka rikawt a nih (Gen 48).
China histawri ei bi chun, Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty le Ming Dynasty laia thuneina insang cheltuhai kha mi tilre ruol an nih. Rêngpui (Emperor) hnuoia thoktu ding an lakhai lem kha chu an thaw fîr bik a, an ser po po (testes, penis & scrotum) an lak fai kèl a, chu an lakhai chu Mandarin Chinese chun bâo an ti a, a umzie chu ro hlu (precious treasure) tina a nih. Chu an at thlak po chu se thei lo dingin bil bêlah zu hrât chiah an inchie a, an sie thra a, an thi pha leh thlànah an ruong leh an phùm hlak. Chuonga an thaw chun, mi tilrehai kha an pieng nawk pha taksa bung kima pieng dingin an ring a nih. China Rengpui hnuoia thok mi tilrè nuhnung tak Sun Yaoting chu kum 1996 December khan kum 94 mi niin a thi a, Beijing-a Guanghua Tempul-ah a ro hlu (bao) an sie thrat leh ropui takin an vui liem a nih.
Judahai ta dingin sertan chu Pathien le an thuthlung hriet zingna a ni laiin til lak (castration) ruok chu a ni ve nawh. Til lak chu chi thla thei lo dinga insiem a nih. Kong danga hril chun, til lak chu mihriem pangngai ang ta loa piengsuola insiem a nih. Judahai thienghlimna dan Leveticus 21 & 22 dungzui chun piengsuolna nei tu khom fak ding inhlàn dingin Pathien hmaah an hung ding a ni naw a, piengsuolna nei thil an inhlan ding a ni bok nawh. Chuong laia thrang sa chu tilmu koi, vuok nawi, inhliem le lak a nih. Deuteronomy 23:1 a chun “Tu khom tilmu koi le mi tilrè chu LALPA mihai pungkhawmnaah an thrang ve ding a ni nawh” ti a chuong. Chu khapna chu Isai 56:3-5 khan hieng ang hin a sût a nih:
LALPA cheltu ram dang miin,
“LALPAN a mihai lakah,
Kei chu mi en hrang a tih”
Ti ngai hrim hrim naw raw se.
Mi tilrè khomin inthlahrungin,
“Kei chu thing trawl ang ka nih”
Ti ngai hrim hrim naw raw se.
Mi tilrèhai chungthuah,
LALPA chun hieng hin a hril:
“Ka chawlnihai insertu,
Ka lawmzawng thaw thlang hlaktu,
Ka thuthlung vong nghettu chu,
Ka tempul le kul bang sunga,
Ka naunu le naupahai nêkin,
Hming thra lem chu pêng ka ta,
Kumkhuoin a hming bo naw nih.”
Til lak san hrang hrang
Kansar, abikin prostate cancer lei dama tilmu pakhat amanih pahni amanih an khel dok hi chemical castration an tih. Chun, pasal ni si nuhmeia insiem nuom lei dama til lak chu transgendered surgery /sex realignment surgery an tih.
Râl an manhai hremnain til an lakpek bok hlak. Chuong ang chu histawriah hmu ding a tam. Tamerlane, kha hmaa ‘Timur The Lame’ tia kan naupang laia an mi’n chuktir hlak, Asia thlang le laili po po deuthaw hnetu, Turco-Mongol mihrâng, kum 1398 December 17 a Delhi suosama mi nuoi khat neka tam thattu khom khan a kir tieng 1400 AD khan Ottoman Empire lal Sultan Bayezid I thrangpuitu Armenia a rùn a, mi singruk sala a manhai kha a thren an til a lak a, a thren a hringin a phum tawl a nih. Edward Gibbon chun a lekhabu hmingthang Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire-ah Norman-haiin an ral manhai til an lakpek thu a ziek bok. Tu lai hnaia hienga til inlakpek ei hriet nuhnung tak ni awm chu Sudan ram Dafur biela Janjaweed firfiekhaiin kum 2005-a an râl lak kristienhai ser an tanpek thu le thi pûta an inthitir treuh thu kha a ni ka ring.
Threnkhat chu mi pawngsuol hmang amanih le hieng tienga rawng taka chea mi poi tawk hlak, khawtlang ta dingina mi chimum an um a, chuonghai chu an man pha leh hremna dingin khawtlanga thuneituhaiin an thu ni loin an til an lakpek hlak. An thawna san chu (a) an thunun zo lo an hurna sukrepek le (b) mi an pawngsuolhaiin nau le hri an pai nawna ding a nih.
Threnkhat chu sakhuo leia til lak an um bok a. Pathien rongbawl dinga nuhmei nei lo dinga intiem, sienkhom châkna, abikin hurna bawia intâng threnkhatin chu thil laka fihlim an nuom leiin til an inlaktir hlak. Chuong mihai chun van ram leia tilrea insiemah an inngai. Ziektu le theologian hmingthang, Kaisari khaw mi Eusebius (c.264-340) hril dan chun, mi thiem hmingthang Origen (c.186-c254) khom kha a nih. Hi pa sulhnung hi sui tham a um. A hriet zingna (memory) thratzie kha hrilfâk a tling a, thil a hriet le tiem tah hrim hrim a theinghil naw a, Baibul pumpui hi inhmang sien khom ziek suok nawk vong thei dinga an ngai hiel, pa ropui a nih. A thu changchawi chu Mathai 19:12-a Isun “Mi tilrê hrima pieng an um a; a thren ruok chu mihriemin tilrea an siem an um a; threnkhat ruok chu van ram leia tilrea insiem an um bok. Tu khom a zawm thei chun zawm raw se” a ti kha a nih.
Chu le inzom ang reng, Baibul kan inlet mi pakhatin a lawm thu a mi hril chu hang zep vak inla. Ama lawm êm êm chu 1 Korinth 7:9 a “An insùm thei naw a ni ruok chun innei raw hai se, châkna sahâla hlieua um nekin innei a thra lem” ti kha a nih. A lawm tak lem chu ‘châkna sahâla hlieua um” tia kan inlet hi a nih. Hi lai thu hi KJV chun, “for it is better to marry than to burn” ti ringotin hriet harsa deuin a sie a. NIV chun, “for it is better to marry than to burn with passion” ti le NRSV chun, “For it is better to marry than to be aflame with passion” tiin chieng lemin an sie thung a. BSI le BFW suta chun, “Insum theina an nei naw chun innei el raw hai se, hur nêkin innei a thra lem sih a” tiin Lusei tronga an inlet ang charin an sie bok a. A ziektupa Paulan a ziek fimkhur vei leh, “hur nekin innei a thra lem” tia siepek el chu a rumintang bakah a kap threl deu naw maw? A ieng khom chu ni sien, mi tilrea insiem threnkhatin an insiemna san chu hlieu zingtu annia châkna mei chu sukmit an nuom lei a nih. Pathien mi siem dan lo zawnga piengsuola insiem chu suol ning a ti? ti ruok chu zawna don harsa tak ni rop a tih.
Kha hma khan Europe-a Roman Catholic-hai chun 1 Korinth 14:34 a, “kohran inkhawmah nuhmei chu to zingin um raw hai se” ti hi changchawiin kohran zaipawlah nuhmei thrang an phal ngai naw a. Chuong zaipawla thrang ding chun ki insang tak khom rawl inhmi rola sak thei mi an dit hlak leiin, tlanglakte, an rawl thùm hma metin an til an lakpek a, an hmang hlak. Chuonghai chu ‘castrati’ tiin an ko a, kum 1600-1750 laia opera singer zaa sawmsari (70%) hiel kha castrati an nih. Chuong lai chun kum tin tlanglakte 4000-5000 vel castrati-a thrang dingin kohranin an til an lakpek hlak ti hieng tieng sui mi Melicow & Pulrang (Urology 3:663-670, 1974) hai chun an hril. Sura thukhawchang ang deuin, thaw sawt ding chun tupa tilmuin am a dai ta ding maw!
Kum 1800 lai khan Roman Catholic kohran chun til lak hi mihriem taksa bung suksiet a ni leiin suol nasa tak thawah an hung ngai ruolin mi tilre zaipawl khom chu an hung hnawl a, til lak khom a langin an thaw ngam ta naw a. Mi tilre hla sak thiem hriet nuhnung tak chu Sistine Chapel Choir-a thrang Allesandro Moreschi (1858-1922) kha a ni el awm. Hieng mi tilre hla sak thiemhai laia hmingthang chungchuong chu Carlo Broschi (1705-82), Farinelli tia hriet lar, octave thum C3 (131 Hz) a inthoka D6 (1175 Hz) chen zo, Sony Picture Classics-a chuong hlak hi a nih. Tu lai hnaia a chanchin sinemaa an insuo “The Great Farinelli” tia chun nuhmei-pasalna tieng a ‘pä’ thei angin an inlangtir tlat a nih.
Baibul le mi tilrè
Baibul pumpuia hin mi tilrè hrilna voi 20 a um a, chu taka a sàm rawna tak chu Thilthaw 8:27-39 ah a nih. Hi taka a changtupa chu Ethiopia lalnu Kandaki sum po po enkoltu mi tilrè a ni a, a hming ruok chu ziek a ni nawh. Ama hi Isu zirtirhai rongbawlnaa inthoka Jentel mi kristien ni hmasa tak nia hril, Isu zirtir laia pakhat Filipin baptisma a’n changtir a nih. Van rikawta chu mi tilrè ringot ni loin, a hming le nina indik tak inziek ngei a tih.
Genesis-a mi tilre inlangna hmasa tak chu 33:36 a “Aigupta lal Faraw vengtu sipai hotu Potifar” ti le 39:1 “Faraw hnuoia vengtu sipai pawl kapten Potifar” tihai hi an nih. Hi taka ‘hotu/kapten’ tia inlet hi Hebrai trong chun cariyc (saw-reece) or caric (saw-reece) ti a ni a, a kawk bul tak chu ‘mi tilrè’ (eunuch) tina a nih. Chuong ang chun Young’s Literal Translation (YLT) a chun an inlet vong a nih. Chun, chirduma Jeremia an thlak truma sansuoktu Ebedmelek khom kha mi tilrè, Ethiopia mi bok a nih. Lalnu a hung nina dinga Esther-in rawn taka a nei Hegai le Saagaz hai khom kha mi tilre an nih (Esther 2:3,14). Daniel le a ruolhai enkoltu dinga ruot, lal ina thoktuhai po po hotu Aspenaz khom kha mi tilrè a nih (Dan.1:3).
A hmaa ei tar lang tah ang khan, Isu chun mi tilrè chi thum an um thu a hril a: mi tilrê hrima pieng; mihriemin tilrea an siem; van ram leia tilrea insiem (Mat 19:12). Amiruokchu, thaw ding thupêk a pêk naw a, “tu khom a zawm thei chun zawm raw se” tiin a hril. Chuong ang deuh chun nuhmei-pasal nei le nei naw thu a hrilnaah Paula khomin a hril ve a nih ( 1 Kor 7: 1-9).
Nuhmei tieng leh
Hieng thil hi pasal tieng chauh ei hril a, nuhmei tieng sertan an um thei ve am? Hi le inzom hin kum sawmli neka tam liem taa pastor pakhatin nupui ruol zawna indon a sàng dan hang hril vak ei tih. Pastor pakhat, zawlro hril hrât deu el hi a um a. Sertan thu a hril trumin nupui ruolin, “An leh, iengtin am nuhmeiin ser an tan ve hlak a?” tiin an indon a. Ama chun hniek phawi dêr loin, “Chem phêkin an hem el a nih” tiin a don a. Nupui ruol nui inza, innui nuom si lohai chun lungsen tehlem thawin an inhmùr nasa hle a, pastor fe hnung chun nuipui an thret a, kawng keiin an innui, an tih.
Chem phêka hem ringot el chu a ni naw hmel khop el.
Baibulah nuhmei ser tan le ser lak ti hril a um nawh. Amiruokchu, khawvel hmun hrang hrangah nuhmei sera an chakna sukthotu an at thlak thu chu hril a tam. Hieng thil hi abikin Africa rama hnam hnufuol threnkhat chun an la thaw zing a nih. Kum 1985 khan Aigupta rama khawpuia cheng nuhmei 350 an thlang suok a, an naupang laia an nuom thu ni loa an ser an atpek dan chanchin chik taka indonin research an thaw a, an thil hmuhai chu 1989 March khan The First International Symposium on Circumcision, Anaheim, California-ah an zar lang a, 1989 July/August suok Truth Seeker, Volume 1 Number 3-ah an insuo bok. Hi hi fumfe taka survey an thaw hmasa tak a nih. Hienga an ser an soisakpek hi Female Sexual Castration (FCS) an tih. Chem phêka hem el chu a lo ni awzawng nawh. Nuhmei ser tan/lak le pasal ser tan/lak inang nawna tak chu, nuhmei chu a hlieutu châkna sahâl sukrèna dinga thaw a ni a, nau a la nei thei zing a, pasal til an lak ruok chu nau nei thei lo ding le pasal thei lo dinga siem a nih.
India mi tilrèhai (hijras)
India rama mi tilrèhai hi ‘hijras’ tiin an ko. A ram pumah hijras maktaduoi neka tam um dinga ring a nih. Anni rawi lai hin til lak lo, sienkhom nuhmei anga khawsa nuom hrim hrim an um a, nuhmei inthuomin an inthuom a, mi pangzat le endong an nih. Mongkawhur an tam bok. Innei le nau pasal nei thar an hriet taphot inah a honin an fe a, hla an sak a, lem an inchang a, paisa an hni a, pek nuom naw chun naute chen inrûk dingin an inthri bakah trongsie inphur an ching a, chu chu mi tam takin an tri leiin an pek a, chuleiin an huongtau hlak. Mumbaia hijras a chenve zet chu HIV hrik pai nia hriet an nih. An tamna hmuna chu inthlang chenah an inrol a, kum 1999 khan Shabnam Mausi chu MLA-ah an thlang tling a, India rama hijra MLA hmasa tak a nih. Kum 2000 khan Asha Devi chu Gorakhpur-a nuhmei hluo dinga ruot hmunah Mayor-in an thlang tling a. Court-in pasal a nih ti thuin an pei thlak a, sienkhom a hnungin an lak lut nawk a nih. Chu hma chun Madhy Pradesh-ah hmun hniah Mayor an lo tling tah hrim a nih. Kum 1993-94 khan All-India Eunuchs’ Welfare Association an indin a, inzak an hriet naw bok a, an hrohrang a na. Hienghai rawi hin ka luok an suksuok el bakah ka pang an sukza tlat chu tie!
Til lak trong
A tawpnaah, eini tronga ‘til lak’ ti hi Saptrongin ‘castration’ ti ni sien khom, ran chi hrang hrang til lak thu hrilna trongkam an lo hau bik kher el. Hieng ang hin: barrow (pig), bullock (cattle), capon (chicken), dinmont (sheep, goat), gelding (horse) gib (cat, ferret), havier (deer), lapin (rabbit), stag (cattle, sheep), steer (cattle), wether (sheep, goat). Chem phêka hem ringot el chu a lo ni naw khop el.
(July 25, 2008 Delhi)
###
No comments :
Post a Comment